The Journal of Economics and Business Letters is committed to upholding the highest standards of publication ethics and takes all possible measures to prevent publication malpractice. The journal adheres to internationally recognized ethical guidelines to ensure the integrity, transparency, and quality of scholarly publishing. All parties involved in the publication process, including authors, editors, reviewers, and the publisher, are expected to comply with these ethical standards.

General Principles

The journal promotes honesty, originality, and accountability in academic research and publication. Any form of unethical behavior, including plagiarism, data fabrication, falsification, duplicate submission, and improper authorship attribution, is strictly prohibited. The editorial team is responsible for maintaining ethical oversight throughout the submission, review, and publication processes.

All manuscripts submitted to the journal may be screened using plagiarism detection tools to ensure originality. Any suspected ethical violations will be investigated thoroughly, and appropriate actions will be taken in accordance with established publishing standards.

Duties of Authors

Authors are responsible for ensuring that their submitted manuscripts are original works and have not been published or submitted elsewhere. Proper acknowledgment of the work of others must always be provided through accurate citation and referencing.

Authors must present their research data honestly and without fabrication, falsification, or inappropriate manipulation. Any form of misleading or selective reporting is considered unethical. Authors should be prepared to provide raw data if requested by the editorial team for verification purposes.

Authorship should be limited to individuals who have made significant contributions to the research. All listed authors must approve the final version of the manuscript and agree to its submission. Individuals who contributed to the work but do not meet authorship criteria should be acknowledged appropriately.

Authors must disclose any potential conflicts of interest that could influence the interpretation of their results. Financial support, affiliations, or personal relationships that may affect the research should be clearly stated.

In cases where significant errors or inaccuracies are discovered after publication, authors are obligated to promptly notify the journal and cooperate in correcting or retracting the article as necessary.

Duties of Editors

Editors are responsible for making publication decisions based on the academic merit, originality, and relevance of submitted manuscripts. Editorial decisions must be free from bias and should not be influenced by the authors’ race, gender, institutional affiliation, or personal beliefs.

Editors must ensure a fair and objective peer review process. They are responsible for selecting qualified reviewers and maintaining confidentiality throughout the evaluation process. Editors must not disclose any information about submitted manuscripts to unauthorized individuals.

Editors should take reasonable steps to identify and prevent the publication of unethical research. If ethical concerns arise, editors must investigate the issue thoroughly and take appropriate action, which may include rejection, correction, or retraction of the manuscript.

Editors must also manage conflicts of interest and recuse themselves from handling manuscripts in which they have a personal or professional interest.

Duties of Reviewers

Reviewers play a critical role in maintaining the quality of the journal by providing objective and constructive evaluations of submitted manuscripts. Reviews should be conducted fairly, without bias, and supported by clear and reasoned arguments.

Reviewers must treat all manuscripts as confidential documents and must not share or use the information for personal advantage. Any potential conflicts of interest must be disclosed, and reviewers should decline to review manuscripts where such conflicts exist.

Reviewers are expected to provide timely feedback and to identify relevant published work that has not been cited by the authors. They should also alert the editors to any substantial similarities between the manuscript under review and other published works.

Ethical Issues in Publishing

The journal strictly prohibits the following practices:

• Plagiarism: The use of another person’s work without proper attribution.
• Data Fabrication and Falsification: Manipulating research data or results.
• Duplicate Submission: Submitting the same manuscript to multiple journals simultaneously.
• Redundant Publication: Publishing the same data or findings in multiple journals without proper acknowledgment.
• Improper Authorship: Including individuals who did not contribute significantly or excluding those who did.

All manuscripts suspected of violating these principles will be subject to investigation, and appropriate actions will be taken.

Handling of Ethical Violations

In cases of suspected ethical misconduct, the journal will conduct a thorough investigation following established guidelines. Depending on the severity of the violation, actions may include:

• Rejection of the manuscript
• Request for revision or clarification
• Retraction of the published article
• Notification to the authors’ affiliated institutions

The journal is committed to ensuring that all ethical concerns are addressed transparently and fairly.

Confidentiality

The editorial team ensures that all submitted manuscripts are handled with strict confidentiality. Information about a manuscript is only shared with individuals directly involved in the review and publication process.

Reviewers and editors must not use unpublished information obtained during the review process for personal research or advantage.

Conflict of Interest

All parties involved in the publication process must disclose any conflicts of interest that could influence their decisions or interpretations. Transparency in disclosing conflicts helps maintain trust and credibility in the publication process.

Post-Publication Ethics

The journal remains committed to maintaining the integrity of the scholarly record even after publication. If errors, inaccuracies, or ethical issues are identified post-publication, the journal may issue corrections, retractions, or expressions of concern as necessary.

Authors, readers, and reviewers are encouraged to report any concerns related to published articles to the editorial team.

Commitment to Ethical Standards

The Journal of Economics and Business Letters continuously works to align its policies with international standards in scholarly publishing. The journal promotes ethical awareness among authors, reviewers, and editors to ensure that all published research meets the highest standards of integrity and academic excellence.

Through strict adherence to publication ethics, the journal aims to build trust within the academic community and contribute to the advancement of reliable and credible research in the fields of economics and business.