The Influence of Transformational Leadership and Employee Agility on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) and Its Impact on Employee Performance at PT Trubus Mitra Swadaya

Friska Catleya Meilinda; Kusiyah Kusiyah; Shultonnyck Adha

doi:10.55942/pssj.v5i3.374

Authors

Friska Catleya Meilinda Kusuma Negara Business School
Kusiyah Kusiyah Kusuma Negara Business School
Shultonnyck Adha Kusuma Negara Business School

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55942/pssj.v5i3.374

Keywords:

Transformational Leadership Style, Employee Agility, Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Employee Performance

Abstract

This study investigates the influence of transformational leadership and employee agility on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) and its subsequent impact on employee performance at PT Trubus Mitra Swadaya, Jakarta. Employing a quantitative approach with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using SmartPLS 4.0, primary data were collected through questionnaires from 53 respondents. The findings reveal that transformational leadership significantly influences OCB, which in turn has a positive and substantial effect on employee performance. However, employee agility did not significantly affect OCB or performance. Additionally, the study finds that transformational leadership does not directly influence performance, but does so indirectly through OCB, which acts as a full mediator. Conversely, OCB did not mediate the relationship between employee agility and performance. These results underscore the importance of fostering OCB through transformational leadership to enhance employee outcome. This study contributes to the understanding of leadership and behavioral dynamics in post-pandemic organizational settings and offers practical implications for human resource strategies aimed at improving employee performance through value-driven leadership and a supportive organizational culture.

References

Abbas, A., Ekowati, D., Suhariadi, F., Fenitra, R. M., & Fahlevi, M. (2022a). Human capital development in youth inspires us with a valuable lesson: Self-care and wellbeing. In Self-Care and Stress manag. For Academic Well-Being (pp. 80–101). IGI Global; Scopus. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-2334-9.ch006

Abbas, A., Ekowati, D., Suhariadi, F., Fenitra, R. M., & Fahlevi, M. (2022b). Integrating cycle of prochaska and diclemente with ethically responsible behavior theory for social change management: Post-covid-19 social cognitive perspective for change. In Handb. Of Res. On Global Networking Post COVID-19 (pp. 130–155). IGI Global; Scopus. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8856-7.ch007

Abror, A., Patrisia, D., Engriani, Y., Hafizh, M. A., Gaffar, V., Qoriah, Q., Achmad, N., Wusqa, U., & Abdullah, M. S. (2024). Antecedents of tourist citizenship behavior: The role of digital halal literacy and religiosity. Journal of Islamic Marketing, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print). https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-11-2023-0376

Ahmad, S., Islam, T., Sohal, A. S., Wolfram Cox, J., & Kaleem, A. (2021). Managing bullying in the workplace: A model of servant leadership, employee resilience and proactive personality. Personnel Review, 50(7/8), 1613–1631. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-06-2020-0470

Alhitmi, H. K., Shah, S. H. A., Kishwer, R., Aman, N., Fahlevi, M., Aljuaid, M., & Heidler, P. (2023). Marketing from Leadership to Innovation: A Mediated Moderation Model Investigating How Transformational Leadership Impacts Employees’ Innovative Behavior. Sustainability, 15(22), Article 22. https://doi.org/10.3390/su152216087

Al-Mahdy, Y. F. H., Emam, M., & Hassan, T. (2022). Workplace spirituality and organizational citizenship behavior among teachers in bahrain: Commitment as a mediator. Journal of Beliefs & Values, 43(3), 301–319. https://doi.org/10.1080/13617672.2021.1957601

Anwar, N., Mahmood, N. H. N., Yusliza, M. Y., Ramayah, T., Faezah, J. N., & Khalid, W. (2020). Green Human Resource Management for organisational citizenship behaviour towards the environment and environmental performance on a university campus. Journal of Cleaner Production, 256, 120401.

Bass, B. M. (1990). From transactional to transformational leadership: Learning to share the vision. Organizational Dynamics, 18(3), 19–31.

Budi, W., Rahmawati, I., & Ekhsan, M. (2021). English pronunciation online learning as an effort to optimize the learning process in the COVID-19 pandemic situation. Central Community Development Journal, 1(2), 14–17.

Buulolo, F., Hutapea, F. A. S., Nababan, M., Fitriano, A., & Agustina, T. S. (2023). The impact of work stress, work communication, and work discipline on employee performance at PT. Ferdinand Mandiri. Journal of Economics and Business Letters, 3(3), Article 3. https://doi.org/10.55942/jebl.v3i3.211

Carter, W. R., Nesbit, P. L., Badham, R. J., Parker, S. K., & Sung, L.-K. (2018). The effects of employee engagement and self-efficacy on job performance: A longitudinal field study. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 29(17), 2483–2502. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2016.1244096

Chiaburu, D. S., & Harrison, D. A. (2008). Do peers make the place? Conceptual synthesis and meta-analysis of coworker effects on perceptions, attitudes, OCBs, and performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(5), 1082–1082.

Dabić, M., Stojčić, N., Simić, M., Potocan, V., Slavković, M., & Nedelko, Z. (2021). Intellectual agility and innovation in micro and small businesses: The mediating role of entrepreneurial leadership. Journal of Business Research, 123, 683–695. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.10.013

Davies, G., Mete, M., & Whelan, S. (2018). When employer brand image aids employee satisfaction and engagement. Journal of Organizational Effectiveness: People and Performance.

DeRue, D. S., Ashford, S. J., & Myers, C. G. (2012). Learning agility: In search of conceptual clarity and theoretical grounding. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 5(3), 258–279.

Devece, C., Palacios-Marqués, D., & Pilar Alguacil, M. (2016). Organizational commitment and its effects on organizational citizenship behavior in a high-unemployment environment. Journal of Business Research, 69(5), 1857–1861. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.10.069

Dewi, A. A. Y., & Marhaeni, A. a. I. N. (2024). Analysis of determining factors for the length of job search for the first job in Badung Regency. Journal of Economics and Business Letters, 4(3), Article 3. https://doi.org/10.55942/jebl.v4i3.299

Ekowati, D., Abbas, A., Anwar, A., Suhariadi, F., & Fahlevi, M. (2023). Engagement and flexibility: An empirical discussion about consultative leadership intent for productivity from Pakistan. Cogent Business and Management, 10(1). Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2023.2196041

Fahlevi, M. (2021). Mediating effect of motivation on employees’ performance in a private hospital, Indonesia. IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci., 729(1). Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/729/1/012001

Graham, J. W. (1991). An essay on organizational citizenship behavior. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 4(4), 249–270.

Grass, A., Backmann, J., & Hoegl, M. (2020). From Empowerment Dynamics to Team Adaptability: Exploring and Conceptualizing the Continuous Agile Team Innovation Process. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 37(4), 324–351. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12525

Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review.

Islam, T., Khan, S. ur R., Ahmad, U. N. U., & Ahmed, I. (2014). Exploring the Relationship Between POS, OLC, Job Satisfaction and OCB. 4th World Conference on Psychology, Counseling and Guidance (WCPCG-2013), 114, 164–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.12.678

Lin, Z., Gu, H., Gillani, K. Z., & Fahlevi, M. (2024). Impact of Green Work–Life Balance and Green Human Resource Management Practices on Corporate Sustainability Performance and Employee Retention: Mediation of Green Innovation and Organisational Culture. Sustainability, 16(15), 6621. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156621

Luu, T. T. (2017). CSR and organizational citizenship behavior for the environment in hotel industry. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 29(11), 2867–2900. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-02-2016-0080

Mushtaq, M., Ahmed, S., Fahlevi, M., Aljuaid, M., & Saniuk, S. (2022). Globalization and employment nexus: Moderating role of human capital. PLoS ONE, 17(10 October). Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0276431

Purwanto, A., Asbari, M., Fahlevi, M., Mufid, A., Agistiawati, E., Cahyono, Y., & Suryani, P. (2020). Impact of Work From Home (WFH) on Indonesian Teachers Performance During the Covid-19 Pandemic: An Exploratory Study. International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 29(5), 10.

Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., Mitchell, R., & Gudergan, S. P. (2020). Partial least squares structural equation modeling in HRM research. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 31(12), 1617–1643.

Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Hair, J. F. (2017). Partial least squares structural equation modeling. Handbook of Market Research, 26(1), 1–40.

Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2009). Research Methods for Business Students (5th ed.). Prentice Hall.

Shah, S. H. A., Fahlevi, M., Jamshed, K., Aman, N., Rafiq, N., Jermsittiparsert, K., & Aljuaid, M. (2023). Sustaining the Earth: Unraveling the Synergy of Workplace Spirituality, Responsible Leadership, and Pro-Environmental Behavior in Pakistan’s SMEs. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 16, 3075–3093. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S413606

Shah, S. H. A., Fahlevi, M., Rahman, E. Z., Akram, M., Jamshed, K., Aljuaid, M., & Abbas, J. (2023). Impact of Green Servant Leadership in Pakistani Small and Medium Enterprises: Bridging Pro-Environmental Behaviour through Environmental Passion and Climate for Green Creativity. Sustainability, 15(20), Article 20. https://doi.org/10.3390/su152014747

Widyanty, W., Oktasari, D. P., Riyanto, S., Nusraningrum, D., Damayanti, S., Sumaedi, S., Bakti, I. G. M. Y., Dinaseviani, A., Prasetya, P., & Fahlevi, M. (2025). Employee green behavior: Mapping knowledge structures and future directions. Cogent Business & Management, 12(1), 2440814. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2440814

Widyanty, W., Oktasari, D. P., Santoso, S., Sumaedi, S., Yarmen, M., Bakti, I. G. M. Y., Fahlevi, M., Aljuaid, M., & Saniuk, S. (2024). The Model of Worker’s Quality of Life During Covid-19 Pandemic: The Role of Perceived Organizational Support (POS), Digital Literacy, Covid-19-Related Workplace Policy, Quality Culture, and Safety Culture. Sage Open, 14(2), 21582440241247036. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440241247036