Priviet Social Sciences Journal

Development of the Hutaraja Village hot springs tourist attraction as a sustainable tourism destination

Rezki Aulia — 2025-12-01

Hutaraja Hot Springs is a natural hot spring with crystal clear water originating from Mount Sorik Merapi. In addition to pure water, the water contains sulfur, which is beneficial for health. Surrounded by rice fields and community plantations, this tourist attraction is even more beautiful and charming than it already is. If managed properly, it will certainly be beneficial for improving the community's economy and increasing the original income of the Hutaraja village from the tourism sector. This study aims to determine the efforts to develop Hutaraja hot spring as a sustainable tourism destination. The research method used is qualitative with descriptive data. Data collection techniques included direct observation of the Hutaraja hot spring tourist attraction, accommodation to the location, supporting facilities around the tourist attraction, and direct involvement of stakeholders and the local community in the development of the Hutaraja hot spring, and documentation studies. In-depth interviews were conducted with the Mandailing Natal Regency Tourism Office, Mandailing Natal Regency Bappeda Office, Panyabungan Sub-district Head, Head of South Hutaraja Village, local community, food vendors/stalls, and visitors. The study results show that efforts to develop the Hutaraja hot spring tourist attraction as a sustainable tourism destination were carried out by considering five aspects, namely Attraction, Accessibility, Accommodation, Amenities, and Ancillary services (the 5A tourism concept). The conclusion is that development efforts that consider the 5A tourism concept have proven effective in increasing visitor numbers, as evidenced by the thousands of visitors to the tourist attraction each year and the relatively stable upward trend in visitor numbers.

Analysis of cryptocurrency as collateral from the perspective of Indonesian positive law and Islamic law: A comparison

Jamie Armadi Jaya — 2025-12-01

Current technology has significantly impacted several sectors, including the financial sector. Cryptocurrency is one of the financial technology phenomena currently being widely discussed. Cryptocurrency is a digital currency that holds value and can become a promising asset for its holders. This study focuses on cryptocurrency as collateral from Indonesian and Islamic legal perspectives. This research method emphasizes a rules-based approach, namely, through laws and other legal sources. The findings indicate that Indonesian legal support for cryptocurrency as collateral is valid because it is a movable asset. However, from an Islamic legal perspective, collateral is known as al-Rahn. The use of cryptocurrency as an object in an al-rahn contract is considered invalid. This is because, from an Islamic perspective, cryptocurrency does not fulfill Shariah principles. This asset contains elements of gharar (uncertainty), dharar (potential harm), and maysir or qimar (elements of speculation or gambling), so it is considered unfit to be used as goods (sil'ah) in transactions that comply with sharia.

Determinants of MSME performance: Assessing the role of budgeting, financial control, and cash management in Banjarbaru City

Ros Nirwana — 2025-12-01

Many MSMEs play an important role in supporting local economic activity; however, yet in reality many of them still struggle with financial management issues that prevent their performance from reaching its full potential. Based on this situation, the present study examines how budgeting practices, financial control, and cash management influence the performance of MSMEs in Banjarbaru City. The analysis draws on the Resource-Based View (RBV), Contingency Theory, and Working Capital Theory as the main theoretical foundations. This study uses a quantitative associative approach and involves 30 business owners selected through purposive sampling method. The collected data were processed using multiple linear regression with SPSS 25. The results indicate that budgeting (β = 0.295; p = 0.037), financial control (β = 0.400; p = 0.002), and cash management (β = 0.481; p = 0.002) have a positive and significant effect on MSME performance, both partially and simultaneously (F = 79.389; p = 0.000). The adjusted R² of 0.890 indicates that these financial management variables can account for approximately 89% of the variation in MSME performance, which shows how strongly they are tied to day-to-day business outcomes. The results suggest that financial managerial skills function as important internal resources, as described in the RBV perspective, while the effectiveness of financial practices still depends on how well they fit each business’s specific situation, in line with Contingency Theory. The findings also reaffirm the idea from Working Capital Theory that maintaining adequate liquidity is essential for keeping operations running smoothly. Overall, this study offers empirical evidence from a growing city context and underlines the need for more structured budgeting, tighter financial control, and better cash management to support stronger and more sustainable MSME.

Digital economy development in Eastern Indonesia: The infrastructure and socio-economic dimensions

I Made Jyotisa Adi Dwipatna — 2025-12-02

The growth of the digital economy brings both challenges and opportunities for regional economic development, especially in areas where infrastructure and human resources are unevenly distributed. This study examines how digital infrastructure and socio-economic factors influence ICT competence, which is a key driver of digital economic progress in Eastern Indonesia. Using data from 13 provinces between 2016 and 2023, the study applied a Fixed Effects Model (FEM) to analyze regional and time-based differences. The results show that Internet access has a strong positive impact on ICT competence, highlighting the critical role of digital infrastructure in boosting participation and reducing the digital gap. Education also plays a significant role, with improved education helping to build digital literacy and better prepare the population for technological change. On the other hand, income does not seem to have a significant effect on ICT competence, suggesting that economic factors are not yet the main drivers of technological skills in the region. Overall, the findings emphasize that digital development in Eastern Indonesia is primarily influenced by the availability of infrastructure and the quality of human resources. To support inclusive and sustainable digital growth, policies should focus on ensuring equal access to the Internet and incorporating digital literacy into education.

The impact of technological risk perception on consumer experience with digital curiosity as a moderating variable

Kadek Wulandari Laksmi P — 2025-12-02

In the advanced digital age, consumers engage with new technological interfaces that provide value in the form of personalization, convenience, and efficiency while exposing them to possible threats such as data insecurity, privacy breaches, and system failures. These opposing threats highlight the importance of understanding how consumers perceive technology-related risks and how this perception impacts their psychological experiences. Although the technology acceptance model and user satisfaction have been extensively studied, little is known about the psychological variables—particularly the construct of digital curiosity—that buffer perceptions of risk associated with technology. This study aims to fill this void by analyzing the effect of technological risk perception on consumer experience and the role of digital curiosity in this relationship. A quantitative approach involved using a structured questionnaire distributed to active digital consumers on different online platforms. Data analysis was performed using SmartPLS 4.0. The measurement model attained satisfactory validity and reliability. It was established that perceived technological risk negatively impacts the consumer experience. This suggests that a higher perceived risk correlates with diminished satisfaction, trust, and emotional ease. Among other variables, digital curiosity positively impacted consumer experience and interacted in such a way as to lessen the negative influence of perceived technological risk. This suggests that curiosity may serve as a psychological buffer that allows consumers to emotionally reconcile with technological risks, enabling them to retain a positive experience in situations where technology imposes a high risk. These findings indicate the need for organizations to offer digital experiences that provide a level of assurance concerning security while simultaneously fostering curiosity. Allowing exploration and more interactive engagement may help users navigate and trust more complex technological systems. The model proposed in this study may provide the basis for future studies to include additional variables, such as technostress and digital self-efficacy, to capture a more comprehensive theoretical perspective.

The communication style of Prof. Dr. M. Quraish Shihab, M.A., and K.H. Ahmad Bahauddin Nursalim in interpreting the Quran (Study on YouTube channel of Pusat Studi Al-Quran)

Samsuriyanto Samsuriyanto — 2025-12-02

Prof. Dr. M. Quraish Shihab, M.A., is a scholar born from the habaib tradition and accepted by the pesantren tradition. While K.H. Ahmad Bahauddin Nursalim is a scholar born from pesantren tradition and accepted by the habaib tradition. This study aims to describe the communication of Prof. Dr. M. Quraish Shihab, M.A., and K.H. Ahmad Bahauddin Nursalim in Interpreting the Quran which was uploaded through the YouTube channel of Pusat Studi Al-Quran. This study used a media text analysis with a critical approach. The results of this study show that Prof. Dr. M. Quraish Shihab, M.A., has a polite communication style and K.H. Ahmad Bahauddin Nursalim has a humorous communication style in interpreting the Quran. Second, Prof. Dr. M. Quraish Shihab, M.A., emphasized the message of “imitating the Prophet in life” and K.H. Ahmad Bahauddin Nursalim emphasized the message of “Happy life”. Third, YouTube channel of Pusat Studi Al-Quran as a communication media that displays a YouTube Program entitled “Maulid Nabi Muhammad SAW 1447 H Bersama Gus Baha dan Prof. Quraish Shihab” on Saturday, November 1, 2025. Fourth, the communication of Prof. Dr. M. Quraish Shihab, M.A., and K.H. Ahmad Bahauddin Nursalim received a response in the form of views that were much larger than the number of subscribers, getting likes that almost equaled the number of subscribers and reaching almost 400 comments. Fifth, netizen comments as communication feedback in the form of netizen reviews of Prof. Dr. M. Quraish Shihab, M.A. ’s appreciation to K.H. Ahmad Bahauddin Nursalim and netizen admiration for Prof. Dr. M. Quraish Shihab, M.A., and K.H. Ahmad Bahauddin Nursalim. And, the effect of the interpretation of the Quran as a communication effect has three effects, namely cognitive effect, affective effect and behavioral effect. This research is important to obtain a description of the communication of Prof. Dr. M. Quraish Shihab, M.A., and K.H. Ahmad Bahauddin Nursalim in Interpreting the Quran which was uploaded through the YouTube channel of Pusat Studi Al-Quran.

The silent claimant state: Brunei Darussalam in the South China Sea Region

Endah Kurniati — 2025-12-02

The South China Sea Areas of the sea have proven reserves of oil and gas and are a hot spot with high potential. However, it is the South China Sea’s weight as a geopolitical strain that sets it apart as a potential theater of conflict. It is a dispute between China, Indonesia, Taiwan, the Philippines (which had brought the case), Brunei Darussalam, Malaysia, and Vietnam due to overlapping territorial claims as well as China’s unilaterally drawing of the Nine-Dash Line. Brunei Darussalam is seen as a claimant state which does not make an overt claim to the Spratly Islands. Brunei Darussalam is also among the countries that have agreed on some of China’s projected cooperation schemes. China is a partner that can support Brunei, and it indirectly influences its political position by doing so, thus challenging ASEAN’s unified action on the South China Sea dispute.

Human resource transformation in the era of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and automation at UIN Syahada

Indah Permasasari Siregar — 2025-12-03

This research focuses on the transformation of human resources at UIN Syahada in facing the challenges of automation and AI. The lack of sufficient digital skills and the inability of teachers and educational staff to adapt to technological advances are emerging problems in the field. To meet the needs of the digital era, this study aims to identify strategies, policies, and innovations that can be used to improve the competence, professionalism, and ability of educators, educational staff, and students to adapt to digital changes. It also focuses on UIN Syahada Padangsidimpuan's efforts to achieve its vision and mission in the era of higher education digitalization by creating excellent human resources that are globally competitive and have Islamic character, and are capable of utilizing technology morally and productively. A qualitative approach was applied through observation, interviews, and documentary research in UIN Syahada's work units. The findings of this study reveal that digital literacy, technology-based training, and the inculcation of an innovative work culture will effectively transform human resources. This study shows that it is imperative to integrate Islamic values with state-of-the-art technologies in the process of developing superior and flexible human resources in Islamic universities.

Meta-analysis of dengue vaccine effectiveness

Pardomuan Robinson Sihombing — 2025-12-03

Dengue hemorrhagic fever has a staggering 390 million cases to date and was the predominant virus in 128 countries in 2022. This study aims to determine vaccination safety and response with respect to negative endpoints over time in the cohort. A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed according to the 2020 PRISMA statement. Comprehensive searches were performed for primary open-access articles in the PubMed and Scopus databases from years 2013-2023. Statistical analysis used random effect modelling a pooled relative risk would be calculated for the efficacy of the vaccine using proportional difference methodology, with 960 articles retrieved (10 articles meeting inclusion criteria incorporated 157,345 study participants) data was arrived in a 2023 publication whereby. The findings were as follows: the tetravalent dengue vaccine had an overall pooled efficacy of 64.6% (95% CI 47.4%-76.2%) and I² 94.7%, with TAK-003 being more efficacious (76.8%, 95% CI 60.8%-86.2%) than CYD-TDV (53.6%, 95% CI 28.9%-69.7%) in symptomatic dengue. The dengue vaccine showed promising efficacy and satisfactory immune response, with TAK-003 showing more consistent performance than CYD-TDV, especially in the absence of heterogeneity between studies. Implications: These findings support the implementation of dengue vaccination with preference for the TAK-003 platform, demonstrating better efficacy consistency to maximize benefits and minimize risk..

Analysis of the rational tafsir of Q.S. Al-Baqarah verse 164 on the signs of Allah’s power in Tafsir Al-Manar by Muhammad ‘Abduh and Rasyid Rida

Vera Siska — 2025-12-03

This study discusses the rational interpretation of Q.S. al-Baqarah verse 164 concerning the signs of Allah’s power in Tafsir al-Manār by Muhammad ‘Abduh and Rasyid Rida. This study is motivated by the need to understand the relationship between revelation and scientific reality within the framework of modern Qur’anic exegesis. Muhammad ‘Abduh and Rasyid Rida employed a rational (‘aqli) approach in interpreting verses related to natural phenomena, emphasizing the role of reason and scientific observation in recognizing the greatness of Allah. This study adopts a library research method, using Tafsir al-Manār as the primary source, supported by relevant books, journals, and academic articles as secondary references. The analysis is conducted descriptively and analytically to identify the interpretive principles (qawā‘id al-tafsīr) applied by the exegetes, including al-Tafsīr bi al-Qur’ān, al-Tafsīr bi al-‘Aql, al-Tafsīr bi al-Wāqi‘, and al-Tawḥīd wa al-Tajdid. The results show that Tafsir al-Manār interprets natural phenomena such as the heavens, the earth, rain, and wind not merely as physical realities but as āyāt kauniyyah (cosmic signs) that guide human beings to think and strengthen their faith. Revelation and science are viewed as complementary, not contradictory, in affirming Allah’s oneness and wisdom.

Analysis of the principle of Asbāb al-Nuzūl and its implications for social exegesis: A study of QS. An-Nisā’ [4]:58 and QS. al-Ḥujurāt [49]:9 in Tafsir al-Jalālain

Indah Purnama Sari — 2025-12-03

The Qur’an serves as a comprehensive guide for life, directing spiritual aspects and regulating the social dimensions of human existence. To grasp its universal messages comprehensively, an asbāb al-nuzūl approach is essential, as it traces the historical context of the revelation. This study examines the application of the asbāb al-nuzūl concept in Tafsir al-Jalālain by Jalāl al-Dīn al-Maḥallī and Jalāl al-Dīn al-Suyūṭī and its relevance to the formation of social interpretation, particularly concerning QS. An-Nisā’ [4]:58 and QS. al-Ḥujurāt [49]:9. Employing a qualitative-descriptive approach through library research, this study explores the exegetes’ interpretive patterns. The findings indicate that Tafsir al-Jalālain employs asbāb al-nuzūl not only to explain the causes of revelation but also to affirm broader moral and social meanings. QS. An-Nisā’ [4]:58 emphasizes the values of trustworthiness and justice in public leadership, while QS. al-Ḥujurāt [49]:9 highlights the importance of reconciliation in mitigating social conflicts. The application of the principle al-‘ibrah bi ‘umūm al-lafẓ lā bi khuṣūṣ as-sabab universalizes the message of the verses, making them relevant across the ages. Thus, Tafsir al-Jalālain is not only a concise exegesis (tafsīr ijmālī) but also contributes significantly to shaping a contemporary paradigm of social interpretation that resonates with modern reality.

The comparison of narcotics criminalization in Indonesia and The Netherlands

Fedhli Faisal — 2025-12-04

This article discusses the comparative punishment for drug crimes in Indonesia and the Netherlands, two countries with very different legal approaches to dealing with drug-related cases. This article's primary goal is to examine the variations in the two nations' criminal policy strategies, the types of sanctions, and the legal foundations. This study uses a comparative legal method by examining the laws, doctrines, and criminal policies in force in each country. The results show that Indonesia tends to use a repressive approach with the threat of severe criminal penalties, including the death penalty and life imprisonment, whereas the Netherlands adopts a limited decriminalization approach for certain substances, focusing on rehabilitation and harm reduction. These findings reflect the differences in criminal law philosophy between punitive and more progressive legal systems. This article recommends a re-evaluation of the effectiveness of punishment in Indonesia, taking into account a more humane and public health-based approach, such as that applied in the Netherlands

Juridical analysis of the obstacles in the implementation of music royalty payment obligations in Indonesia

Ezra Natasya Br Simangunsong — 2025-12-04

The main problem in this case study is that Indonesia still cannot be firm and fair in enforcing the obligation to pay music royalties to the composers. This already exists and is written in Law Number 28 of 2014 concerning copyright and in Government Regulation Number 56 of 2021. This refers to the consistency and compliance with the law that can be reviewed based on legal protection and legal compliance theory. This review will provide different perspectives on economic rights in song creation and how the intellectual property system applies. The review and normative juridical approach of this research provides an overview of the correct legal record and layout based on facts. This fact is based on literature studies, primary laws, and derivatives that can provide a more constructive research direction. This research provides an overview of the responsibility for a royalty and the importance of respecting intellectual property law. The challenge is the difficulty of making firm decisions by perpetrators or law enforcers due to the lack of transparency, which has become an inherent culture. Social socialization is very limited, and the absence of a national collective management institution provides certainty, making it difficult to run. The results of this study provide a conclusion that we must move together in echoing the synergy between LMKN, business actors, and the government in carrying out sustainable royalty management. This will strengthen the value of the existence of intellectual property rights and the emergence of legal certainty that can be claimed together for the sake of justice and social welfare in Indonesia.

Development of a module for identifying interests and self-potential for senior high school students

Ufti Rosyi — 2025-12-04

Based on interviews conducted by the researcher with tenth-grade students at a senior high school in Ponorogo Regency, it was found that the students were unfamiliar with the process of subject selection under the Merdeka Curriculum. This study aimed to develop a module that assists tenth-grade high school students in identifying their interests and self-potential to determine subject choices when entering the eleventh grade. This study employed a qualitative method and adopted research and development as its design. Data were collected through school-based interviews, which were then processed into descriptive explanations, producing categories that formed the basis of the module development. The assessment results revealed several categories, which were later organized into four chapters: the Merdeka Curriculum, identification of interests, self-potential, and a closing chapter. Based on these findings, the researcher compiled a module entitled “Me and How to Know Myself: A Module for Identifying Interests and Self-Potential to Guide Subject Selection for Senior High School Students” The dissemination results indicated that the module was positively evaluated regarding its design and content in addressing the needs of tenth-grade students. Therefore, it is recommended as a tool for high school classes to help students recognize their interests and self-potential in the context of subject selection when transitioning to Grade 11.

Reception of academics toward the film Dirty Vote in the context of the 2024 general election

Muhamad Rosit — 2025-12-04

This study examines the academic reception of the documentary film Dirty Vote. The film exposes the misuse and partiality of political power during the 2024 general election contestation. Using a qualitative research approach, this study uses Stuart Hall’s theory of audience reception, especially the ideas of encoding and decoding. Seven academics from various universities, each with expertise in political communication and media studies, were interviewed for data collection. The results show various interpretations by the informants. Four informants chose a dominant-hegemonic position, interpreting Dirty Vote as a form of political literacy and a critique of government abuse. Two informants took a negotiated position, viewing the movie as both a medium for political literacy and a potential for political propaganda in the lead-up to the 2024 presidential general election. Meanwhile, one informant represented an oppositional position, perceiving the movie as biased and politically motivated. In conclusion, Dirty Vote Movie functions as a space for interactive discussion between the media, government, and academic universities, affirming that media products can simultaneously foster awareness and provoke ideological debate within a democratic society.

Globalism and capitalism international cooperation in protecting Indonesian workers from the threat of violence from other countries and negative impacts

Riky Ovaliansyah Harahap — 2025-12-05

Globalization has brought significant changes to Indonesia's labor dynamics, including increasing labor mobility abroad and the problem of low labor quality due to educational and employment access disparities. This research aims to explain Indonesia's policies for the protection of labor, as well as the forms of international cooperation carried out to protect Indonesian migrant workers. Using the concept of Labor Protection and the framework of International Labor Law (ILO), this study analyzes national regulations, migrant worker protection practices, and Indonesia's collaboration with international organizations (OIs). The results of the study show that the number of Indonesian migrant workers, which reaches around eight million, contributes greatly to the national economy but is still dominated by unskilled workers who are vulnerable to exploitation. The government has made protection efforts through Law No. 18 of 2017 and the policy of exemption of placement fees in certain sectors, although its implementation faces challenges in regional capacity and compliance with placement institutions. At the global level, cooperation through the Decent Work Country Programme (DWCP) between Indonesia and the ILO strengthens the protection of migrant workers through the development of fair industrial relations, expansion of social security, and improvement of the quality of decent work.

The regulator’s dilemma in proving algorithmic cartels against the principle of fair competition in the digital economy era

Tengku Andrias Prayudha — 2025-12-05

The rapid development of the digital economy, marked by the adoption of pricing algorithms, has introduced new dynamics to Indonesia's competition law landscape. Algorithmic systems enable autonomous price setting based on market data learning without direct human intervention. This condition potentially gives rise to algorithmic cartels, a form of market coordination occurring without explicit agreement, yet producing anti-competitive effects similar to conventional cartels. The national legal framework, specifically Law No. 5 of 1999 and KPPU Regulation No. 4 of 2010, remains inadequate to address this phenomenon, as it is still anchored to a traditional paradigm requiring the element of “agreement” as a prerequisite for proving violation. This study aims to analyze the dilemma faced by the regulator (KPPU) in proving the existence of algorithmic cartels against the principle of fair competition in the digital era. Employing a normative juridical approach, this study examines relevant legislation, academic literature, and international policies from the OECD and European Commission. The findings indicate a regulatory gap in Indonesia's competition law regarding proof involving autonomous systems. Furthermore, the KPPU faces conceptual and technical obstacles in determining legal intent (legal intent) and the validity of digital evidence derived from algorithmic systems. The study concludes that proving algorithmic cartels must shift from an intent-based approach to an effects-based approach, which focuses on assessing the economic impact on market structure and consumer welfare. Therefore, strategic recommendations include reinterpreting the element of “agreement” in Article 1, paragraph 7, and Article 11 of Law No. 5 of 1999 to encompass algorithmic coordination that generates anti-competitive effects. Additionally, the KPPU is mandated to develop digital evidence guidelines and strengthen the multidisciplinary institutional capacity to effectively oversee algorithmic behavior. These steps are crucial for Indonesian competition law to adapt to the realities of the digital economy while ensuring justice and legal certainty.

Ethnic relations and politics in the community of South Tanjung Balai Subdistrict after the 2016 conflict

Maria Br Sianipar — 2025-12-05

The conflict that occurred in Tanjungbalai in 2016 was a complex phenomenon influenced by several factors, including ethnic, religious, and political factors. This conflict was triggered by differences in views and interests between groups, as well as economic inequality that worsened the situation. Therefore, this study aims to explain and describe the relationship between ethnicity and changes in local political policies after the conflict. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method, namely research that aims to be based on data obtained in the field and is accurate and in the form of interviews with the specified informants. To strengthen the explanation in this study, the researchers used ethnic political theory, conflict theory, and ethnic theory. Based on the methods and theories used, the results of this study show that the ethnic and political relations of the people in Tanjungbalai are currently running well. However, some 5% of Chinese people are still very vulnerable and require systematic and sustainable efforts to restore relations between different ethnic groups. Until now, the efforts of the Tanjungbalai city government have been very careful in maintaining religious harmony in Tanjungbalai so that this conflict does not happen again.

Strategy formulation for the career preparation guidance program of the EduTech Startup Brofesional.id

Hafidh Rifky Adiyatna — 2025-12-05

This study aims to formulate development strategies and determine the priority strategies applicable to the Career Preparation Guidance Program of the edutech startup Brofesional.id. This research began by analyzing the internal and external factors influencing the program. An analysis was conducted to identify the program’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. To formulate strategies, this study applies the principles of strategic management and utilizes various analytical tools, including the IFE, EFE, SWOT, IE, and QSPM matrices. The findings indicate that the most feasible strategy for Brofesional.id is to enhance promotional activities through regular collaborations with government agencies. This suggested approach is supported by a QSPM analysis score of 4.807.

Integrating financial and digital literacy for quality primary education: A qualitative study on the Aku Bersedekah Comic and Prop Swap Folktales training

Eva Amalia — 2025-12-08

This is a qualitative analysis of the link between finance and digital literacy in primary school education. Two interrelated initiatives were conducted for the analysis. Aku Bersedekah comic book resources were utilized to facilitate the development of finance awareness and values among learners. The Prop Swap Folktales teacher training program permitted the upgrading of teaching staff digital literacy competence for narrative learning activities. Both efforts generated information using interviews, observations, and document analysis techniques for data acquisition. The results show that learners' basic finance knowledge and habits, such as saving, sharing, and management of money, became apparent because of the comic book program, while teacher training permitted upgrading of digital literacy for effective preparation of learning activities for schools. Therefore, finance and digital literacy initiatives have been shown to lead to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 4 because learning becomes innovative, values-driven, and technology-enabled.

The analysis of code-mixing used on WhatsApp by English Language & Culture students at Universitas Widya Dharma Pontianak

Ritan Ritan — 2025-12-08

Code-mixing has become a common practice among bilingual and multilingual speakers, especially in informal digital communication, such as WhatsApp. This study aims to identify the types of code-mixing used by English Language and Culture students at Universitas Widya Dharma Pontianak and understand the reasons behind their language choice. This research applied a descriptive qualitative method using documentation of WhatsApp group messages and interviews with selected students. The data were analyzed using Muysken’s (2000) theory to classify the types of code-mixing and Bhatia and Ritchie’s (2006) theory to examine the reasons for its usage. The study found 42 messages containing code-mixing, with 29 cases of insertion, 5 cases of alternation, and 8 cases of congruent lexicalization, showing insertion as the most dominant type. The reasons for using code-mixing included participant roles and relationships, situational factors, message-intrinsic factors, social attitudes, language dominance, and security. These findings highlight how bilingual students mix languages in digital communication to express themselves effectively, reflecting their bilingual environment and the influence of social media on language practices.

Enhancing Islamic financial inclusion in Indonesia: Innovative strategies for rural and eastern regions

Muhammad Said — 2025-12-09

This study aims to enhance Islamic financial inclusion in rural and eastern regions of Indonesia through innovative strategies, focusing on challenges related to access, literacy, infrastructure, and public trust issues. Using a qualitative library-based approach, this study analyzes literature from indexed journals, reports from the Financial Services Authority (OJK), and government policies published between 2018 and 2025. Data collection involves systematic literature searches using keywords such as “Islamic financial inclusion” and “Islamic fintech.” Content analysis is employed to identify patterns, challenges, and formulate strategies, with source triangulation to ensure validity. Research Findings Islamic financial inclusion in Indonesia stands at only 12.88%, significantly lower than the national inclusion rate (75.02%), due to limited access in rural areas (68.49%), low Islamic financial literacy (39.11%), geographic barriers, inadequate infrastructure, and product mismatches. Innovative strategies include: (1) contextual financial products such as musyarakah-based financing, (2) infrastructure strengthening through Islamic rural banks (BPRS) and digitalization, (3) financial literacy education, and (4) community-based awareness campaigns. Islamic fintechs (e.g., Alami, Ammana) show potential to overcome geographic constraints, though they are hindered by limited Internet penetration (60%) and digital literacy. These innovative strategies offer practical guidance for stakeholders to boost Islamic financial inclusion through contextual products, digitalization, community-based education, and women’s empowerment via MSMEs, supporting poverty alleviation and inclusive economic growth.

The role of the village head in improving the performance of Bumdes in Sempajaya Village, Berastagi District, Karo Regency in 2022-2023

Della Margaretha P — 2025-12-09

This study aims to analyze the role of village heads in improving the performance of Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) in Sempajaya Village, Karo Regency, in 2022-2023. The research employed a qualitative method with a descriptive approach, using in-depth interviews and document analysis as the techniques for collecting data. The results showed that the village head has a major contribution to empowering the BUMDes institution through transformational leadership, which includes idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individualized consideration. Additionally, the village head applies good governance principles, such as transparency, accountability, and community participation. Supporting factors for improving BUMDes performance include proactive leadership, community support, and inter-institutional coordination. However, inhibiting factors include limited capital, post-harvest payment policies, and a lack of training for BUMDes managers. The study recommends adaptive leadership strategies and institutional capacity building to enhance the long-term sustainability of BUMDes.

Consumer engagement dynamics: The role of social media marketing in building brand awareness and purchase intention among UMKM Bachiro

Nur Fadilah Surabi — 2025-12-10

This study aims to analyze the extent to which social media marketing strategies influence brand awareness and consumers’ desire to purchase products from Bachiro MSMEs, with consumer involvement as a mediating variable. The approach used is quantitative, analyzing data using the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method through SmartPLS 4 software. There were 110 respondents, all of whom were active social media users who had interacted (liked, commented, shared, etc.) with Bachiro SME content.The results of the analysis prove that social media marketing activities have a positive and significant impact on consumer engagement, brand awareness, and purchase intention. Consumer engagement has a significant effect on brand awareness and purchase intention and functions as a bridge that strengthens the relationship between social media marketing and these two aspects.

The legal consequences of errors in the determination of heirs in the perspective of the compilation of Islamic law (A study of decision no. 0417/Pdt.P/2022/PA.Mlg)

Amin Songgirin — 2025-12-10

This study aims to analyze the errors in the determination of heirs in the Religious Court of Malang Decision Number 0417/Pdt. P/2022/PA.Mlg and examine its legal consequences based on the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI) in Indonesia. This study employs a normative juridical approach by reviewing the provisions of Article 185 of the KHI, various schools of Islamic jurisprudence (madzhab), and Gustav Radbruch’s theory of justice as analytical tools. The findings reveal that the judge’s determination, which classified Applicants II, III, and IV as dzawil arham, constitutes a misjudgment because, normatively, they are entitled to inheritance as substitute heirs. This error leads to legal consequences in the form of the loss of inheritance rights that should have been granted to the descendants of the testator’s sister, potentially creating legal uncertainty and further disputes. From the perspective of fiqh, although the Syafi’ i school rejects the concept of substitute heirs, the Hanafi and Maliki schools recognize the transmission of inheritance rights through both vertical and collateral lines of descent. The KHI accommodates the latter view to realize substantive justice within Islamic inheritance law in Indonesia. This study underscores the necessity of progressive legal reasoning (rechtsvinding) that aligns with maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah, so that judicial decisions are not merely textually grounded but also reflect the values of justice and social welfare.

The legal remedy against the execution of an auction that does not yet have a winner is an objection

Gitayana Amalia — 2025-12-10

The execution of a mortgage auction often serves as a legal mechanism for generating disputes between creditors and debtors. Conflicts typically arise when a debtor files a lawsuit challenging an auction process that has not yet been completed, particularly when no winning bidder has been determined yet. This study examines the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia’s Decision No. 2644 K/Pdt/2023 clarifies that the proper legal remedy against an unfinished auction process is not a lawsuit but rather an execution objection (perlawanan eksekusi). Employing a normative juridical method, the research adopts both statutory and case study approaches to analyze the Court’s reasoning and its implications for legal practice. The findings reveal that the Supreme Court establishes execution objection as the sole appropriate legal action at this stage to uphold legal certainty and the effectiveness of the mortgage enforcement process. Nevertheless, protecting the debtor’s rights remains a critical consideration, particularly through mechanisms that ensure adequate notification and access to legal remedies. This decision underscores the court’s effort to balance procedural efficiency with fairness, preventing unnecessary disruption of the execution process while safeguarding the debtor’s opportunity to challenge procedural irregularities. In conclusion, the ruling provides an important precedent for distinguishing between permissible and impermissible legal remedies during the auction execution phase, reinforcing the principle that disputes concerning incomplete auctions must be resolved through execution objections rather than civil litigation.

The legend of Tolangohula: The forgotten female leader of Gorontalo before the European Colonial period

Magdalena Baga — 2025-12-11

Folk tales, such as myths and legends, generally contain the wisdom of their people, which can serve as a reflection of constructing a society today. Generally, myths and legends in Indonesia feature women as important characters. In Indonesian myths and legends, women are often associated with the origin of places or the emergence of certain plants. The Gorontalo people have a legend about the first female leader in the region, Tolangohula. This female leader united small kingdoms under her authority. This research aims to reconstruct the existence of female leaders in Gorontalo in the past, which have been forgotten through the oral literature of the Gorontalo people. This reconstruction is expected to explore the role and values of female leadership in legends so that these leadership values can serve as a basic example for the formation of leadership character, especially in Gorontalo, through its rich oral literature. This reconstruction is also expected to demonstrate how Gorontalo society positioned women as leaders in the past. This study uses representation theory to demonstrate how female leaders are represented in Gorontalo’s folk legends. The oral tradition as history was employed in this study’s method. This method demonstrates that oral stories from the folk can serve as a benchmark for delving into the cultural history of a region that does not have a written tradition in their society culture. The findings demonstrate that the legends about female leaders were being forgotten from the interviews with some people in Gorontalo. The representation of female leaders through legends is positioned within the discourse after the colonial era. Despite this, the values of female leadership have left a legacy that aids in the development of a leader's character.

An analysis of using code mixing on interaction between homogeneous pair in collaborative writing

Veniati Veniati — 2025-12-11

Code-mixing is a procedure that involves the insertion of components from one language into another. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the types of code-mixing utilized by the students in homogeneous pairing interaction in collaborative writing and investigate the frequencies of code-mixing used by the students in homogeneous pairing interaction in collaborative writing. In this study, a descriptive qualitative research approach was applied. Furthermore, the types and frequencies of code-mixing utilized by students in homogenous paired interaction in collaborative writing are the focus of this study. The subjects were fifth-semester students in Central Java, Indonesia. To collect data, the researchers used audio recordings of student interactions. In analyzing the data, the researchers used Hoffman’s (1991) theory on types of code-mixing. According to the findings, there are three types of code-mixing: intra-sentential code-mixing (28), intra-lexical code-mixing (29), and code-mixing requiring a change in pronunciation (30). (5). There are numerous types of code-mixing for each form. Thus, intra-lexical code-mixing is the most prevalent type of code-mixing in student interactions, while code-mixing involving a change in pronunciation is the least common.

Smart Indonesian language learning: A mobile-based inquiry model with local wisdom context to foster literacy and higher-order thinking skills

Yuliarti Yuliarti — 2025-12-11

This study aimed to develop and test the effectiveness of a mobile-based inquiry learning model with the integration of local wisdom to improve students' academic literacy and higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) in learning Indonesian in higher education. This study used a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group. The research instrument was validated through expert and empirical testing, resulting in a validity coefficient of r count > r table (0.361), and Cronbach's alpha reliability between 0.86 and 0.89. The results showed an increase in academic Literacy with N-Gain of 0.63 in the experimental group compared to 0.29 in the control group, and an increase in HOTS with N-Gain of 0.60 in the experimental group compared to 0.27 in the control group. The t-test showed a significant difference (t-count 4.28 and 4.02 > t-table 2.00, p < 0.05). Student responses to this learning model were also very positive (88% positive responses). These findings indicate that integrating inquiry models, mobile learning, and local wisdom effectively creates a smart learning ecosystem relevant to the demands of the 21st century and can strengthen critical Literacy, HOTS, and students' cultural awareness.

Reconstructing Maqasid al-Shariah in determining the hadd for theft: A contextual analysis of QS al-Ma’idah 38 based on asbabun nuzul

Muzaqky Muthahhari — 2025-12-12

The determination of the Hadd for theft in QS al-Ma’idah:38 has long been a point of contention between legal textualism and social reality. This verse is often understood literally, without considering the socio-historical context of the revelation. This article aims to reconstruct the normative meaning of the verse through an analysis of Asbabun Nuzul and the Maqasid al-Shariah approach to reaffirm substantive justice in Islamic law. This study employs a qualitative–descriptive method based on library research, using comparative analysis of classical exegesis (al-Ṭabarī, Ibn Kathīr, al-Qurṭubī) and reformist-modern exegesis (Ibn ‘Āshūr, Rashīd Riḍā, Jasser Auda). The findings show that the Hadd is not intended merely as a punitive instrument but as a moral symbol to safeguard social stability once distributive justice is established. This normative reinterpretation affirms that implementing the Hadd without fulfilling social justice contradicts the Maqasid of Islamic law. In conclusion, authentic Islamic law is not a system of punishment but a divine moral system aimed at honoring human beings and manifesting God’s mercy in social life.

The social functions of the Galombang Dance in the dynamics of Minangkabau community life in Padang City

Vinna Aulya — 2025-12-12

This study aims to explain the social functions of the Galombang Dance within the dynamics of the Minangkabau community life in Padang City. The Galombang Dance serves not only as a form of entertainment or aesthetic expression but also as a sociocultural medium that reflects traditional values, communal solidarity, and respect for guests. This research employed a qualitative method, with data collected through observations, interviews, and documentation. The data were analyzed descriptively and analytically using an interpretive approach to understand the social and cultural meanings embedded in the performance of the Galombang Dance. The findings reveal that the Galombang Dance functions to strengthen community solidarity, reaffirm Minangkabau cultural identity, and adapt to ongoing social changes. Although its forms and modes of presentation have undergone transformation, the traditional values and social functions it embodies continue to be preserved by the supporting community. Thus, the Galombang Dance can be understood as a form of living local wisdom that remains adaptive to contemporary developments.

The implementation of single-judge trials at the Lumajang religious court from the perspective of Soerjono Soekanto’s legal effectiveness theory (Based on supreme court decision no. 215/KMA/HK2.6/XI/2024)

Aminatol Munauwarah — 2025-12-12

This study examines the implementation of single-judge hearings at the Religious Court of Lumajang based on Chief Justice’s Decree Number 215/KMA/HK2.6/XI/2024. This policy was introduced as a strategic response to the increasing number of cases that exceeded the available number of judges. Through this mechanism, the judicial process is expected to operate more efficiently while upholding the principles of fast, simple, and low-cost justice. This study employs an empirical legal method using a qualitative approach. Data were collected through direct observations, interviews with judges and court officers, and the analysis of official documents. This approach enables a comprehensive understanding of how the policy is implemented in practice and provides an objective assessment of its effectiveness. The findings demonstrate that the single-judge system has been implemented effectively, according to Soerjono Soekanto’s theory of legal effectiveness. The policy fulfills five determining factors: clear legal substance, competent law enforcers, adequate facilities, community acceptance, and an adaptive legal culture. These components collectively support the smooth execution of this system. Overall, the single-judge mechanism contributes significantly to improving judicial performance at the Lumajang Religious Court. This accelerates case resolution and strengthens public trust in the judiciary. Thus, this system represents an important step in the broader reform of Indonesia’s religious-court system.

The roles and functions of language in human life in the era of industrial revolution 4.0 and the twenty-first century

Izzati Khairina — 2025-12-12

The rapid development of technology in the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 and the twenty-first century has significantly transformed the way humans communicate, think, and interact. Language, as the primary medium of communication, has expanded beyond transmitting messages. It now serves as the foundation for digital identity formation, media literacy, and mastery of twenty-first-century competencies, including critical thinking, creativity, collaboration, and communication. This study aims to analyze the roles and functions of language in modern human life and identify the linguistic challenges that emerge in the digital era. Using a literature study method with a qualitative descriptive approach based on document analysis following Sugiyono’s guidelines, this research reveals that language holds a strategic position in education, society, and technology. Language supports information processing, social relationship building, and individual adaptation to global environments. However, several challenges arise, such as the excessive use of abbreviations and digital symbols that lead to ambiguity, low levels of digital literacy, and increasing risks of misinformation and misinterpretation in cross-cultural communication. The study concludes that strengthening language and digital literacy is essential to ensure that individuals can effectively adapt to technological changes and maintain ethical, clear, and meaningful communication in the digital age.

Application of the discovery learning model to improve students' critical thinking skills in Pancasila education for grade VII.B at Al-Irsyad Islamic Junior High School in Sidenreng Rappang Regency

Heril Heril — 2025-12-15

This study aims to describe the implementation of the Discovery Learning model on the critical thinking skills of students in class VII.B at Al-Irsyad Islamic Junior High School in Sidenreng Rappang Regency in the subject of Pancasila Education. Classroom Action Research (CAR) was used, consisting of two cycles. Each cycle consisted of four stages: planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. Before the first and second cycles were conducted, a pre-cycle was carried out to obtain initial information and identify problems in the classroom. The results of the research showed that in the pre-cycle, 50% of the predetermined indicators were found. However, after the first cycle and using the Discovery Learning model in Pancasila Education, there was an increase of 15% to 65%. In the second cycle, there was an increase from 65% to 80%. The results showed that there were significant improvements in critical thinking skills after the implementation of Discovery Learning in class VII.B at Al-Irsyad Islamic Junior High School in Sidenreng Rappang Regency.

Generation Z and the reality of employment in Indonesia: A problematic portrait of the youngest workforce

Raafi Herdiansyah Putra — 2025-12-15

The employment problems experienced by Generation Z (born in 1997-2012) as the youngest workforce are currently attracting the attention of many parties. Various studies and the existing literature show that employment problems are structural and cultural. However, from various studies and literature, there is still not much comprehensive discussion of the various employment problems experienced by this generation. Therefore, this study aims to describe the various employment problems experienced by Gen Z. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach through library research with Miles and Huberman’s interactive model of data analysis techniques. The results of this study show that there are four main categories that color the dynamics of Gen Z employment: the decline in employment in the formal sector, the generation gap and differences in work preferences, the tendency to be voluntarily unemployed, and the dynamics of the gig economy that color the Gen Z job market. The findings show that Generation Z's employment problems are related to limited employment opportunities and changes in the orientation, values, and expectations of the younger generation towards the world of work, which are interrelated. This research is expected to contribute academically and practically to current employment issues, especially as a study material for developing employment policies that are pro-Gen Z and benefit many parties.

Adaptation strategy of farming communities in Renah Kayu Embun Village, Kumun Debai District, Sungai Penuh City

Agustin Wela Sasih — 2025-12-15

The farming community in Renah Kayu Embun Village utilizes land for farming to meet their daily needs. However, they face several obstacles, including weather conditions, land slopes, limited equipment, and long distances to market. This requires the community to adapt to the conditions it faces. This study aims to describe and explain the adaptation strategies employed by the farming community to survive the conditions they face. Data collection methods included interviews, observation, and documentation.The research results show that there are several adaptation strategies carried out by farming communities: First, adaptation strategies to the natural environment; (1) Digging a well, (2) making a water reservoir, (3) carrying out the tradition of sending rain. (4) Convert sloping land into steps. Second, adaptation strategies to tool limitations include (1) making sungkaik and coffee grinders and (2) Usoh as a traditional means of transportation. Some of the adaptation strategies carried out by farming communities are in the form of ideas, knowledge, and culture that are formed as a result of long interactions with the natural and social environment.

Dietary adequacy and parenting practices associated with toddler stunting in UPT Puskesmas Koppe

A. Ayus Valentino — 2025-12-16

Stunting is a chronic nutritional problem that remains a serious concern in Indonesia, including Bone Regency. This condition is associated with long-term undernutrition, maternal knowledge of nutrition, and suboptimal caregiving practices and affects physical growth, cognitive development, productivity, and the risk of disease later in life. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between dietary adequacy, maternal nutrition knowledge, and caregiving practices with stunting among toddlers in the service area of UPT Puskesmas Koppe and to identify the dominant factors influencing it. An analytic quantitative study with a cross-sectional design was conducted in the UPT Puskesmas Koppe service area. A total of 43 respondents were selected using purposive sampling based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were collected through interviews using questionnaires and a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) to measure dietary adequacy, maternal knowledge, and caregiving practices. Data analysis included univariate, bivariate (chi-square test), and multivariate (logistic regression) analyses. The prevalence of stunting in toddlers was 39.5%. There was a significant association between dietary adequacy and stunting (p=0.000), in which all toddlers with inadequate nutrition were stunted. Caregiving practices were also significantly associated with stunting (p=0.024), with a 6.75-times higher risk among toddlers receiving suboptimal care. Maternal knowledge was not significantly associated with stunting (P =0.783). Logistic regression confirmed that dietary adequacy was the most important factor influencing stunting. Adequate nutrition and optimal care are crucial for preventing stunting. Interventions should prioritize improving access to and the quality of nutrition, as well as strengthening caregiving practices at the household level through support from health workers.

Utilization of plastic waste using the ecobrick method in Nagari Tanjung

Dony Novaliendry — 2025-12-16

Pollution caused by the continued practice of dumping waste into the river and burning it has become a serious problem in Nagari Tanjung, Koto VII Subdistrict, and Sijunjung Regency. The community and village government have not felt sufficiently supported by the existence of a final disposal site (TPA), so residents—especially housewives—dispose of waste around the river, and some residents burn it. This has led to pollution and negative health and environmental effects. Therefore, a community service program was implemented that involved educating the community on waste management and hands-on practice in making ecobricks as a practical approach to utilizing plastic waste. The program ran for three weeks, from June 19, 2025, to July 10, 2025, in Jorong Ujung Padang, involving 44 participants from the beneficiary community members, nagari officials, and students. Throughout the implementation, the activities were guided and facilitated by two supervising lecturers. The stages included delivering material on the importance of waste management, training on Ecobricks production, and mentoring in applying environmentally friendly concepts. The results showed increased community awareness in managing plastic waste and the successful production of 100 ecobricks, which were used as garden elements.

Design of a donation crowdfunding website using PHP and MySQL

Elisha Windiarto — 2025-12-16

The advancement of Internet technology has given rise to various digital innovations, including crowdfunding platforms that facilitate online fundraising. The Klik Amal website was developed as a medium for donations, fundraising, and sedekah subuh (pre-dawn alms) in an efficient manner to encourage public participation and social awareness. This website was built using the PHP programming language and a MySQL database, supported by XAMPP and Visual Studio Code on Windows 11 operating system. The system is equipped with three main features and is integrated with Midtrans payment services, which support QRIS, e-wallets, and Virtual Accounts. The SDLC waterfall model was used for development, covering analysis, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance. The development results show that the Klik Amal website is user-friendly, responsive, and easily accessible. This system is expected to serve as a practical and beneficial digital medium for sharing kindness among users. The Klik Amal website has been hosted at the link https://klikamal.my.id/

The application of the principle al-‘Ibrah bi ‘Umūm al-Lafẓ in al-Qurṭubī’s Tafsīr: An analysis of legal verses

Yoga Perdana Kusuma — 2025-12-17

The Qur’an, as a guide for all humankind in various aspects of life and as a text with profound breadth of meaning, demands great caution in its interpretation. For this reason, Qur’anic exegesis (tafsir) has developed as a distinct discipline that functions to bridge human understanding with the divine messages contained in the Qur’an itself. One of the important principles in the tradition of Qur’anic exegesis is “al-‘ibrah bi ‘umūm al-lafẓ lā bi khuṣūṣ al-sabab.” This principle holds a central position because it ensures that the meaning of Qur’anic verses is not restricted by their specific occasions of revelation (asbāb al-nuzūl) but remains universally applicable across space and time. One of the exegetes widely known for the strength of his interpretations of Islamic law is al-Qurṭubī, through his tafsir work al-Jāmi‘li Aḥkām al-Qur’ān. However, the extent to which al-Qurṭubī consistently applies this principle has been rarely examined. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the application of the principle al-‘ibrah bi ‘umūm al-lafẓ lā bi khuṣūṣ al-sabab in al-Qurṭubī’s tafsir, particularly in relation to legal verses. This study employed a qualitative descriptive design with a library research approach. The primary data source is the classical tafsir al-Jāmi‘ li Aḥkām al-Qur’ān by al-Qurṭubī, while the secondary data consist of supporting literature such as other tafsir works, books on ‘ulūm al-Qur’ān, uṣūl al-fiqh, asbāb al-nuzūl, and studies on tafsir methodology. The findings of this study indicate that al-Qrṭbī is consistent in implementing this principle, in that he does not treat the specificity of the occasion of revelation as a limitation of the legal ruling. In contrast, he takes the generality of the wording of the verse as the main basis for establishing shar‘ī rulings, so that the resulting laws are universal and transcend their historical context, as seen in the cases of polygamy, the penal code for theft, and ẓihār.

Analysis of the social and economic impacts of the Nusa Penida Festival on the local community

Isvari Ayu Pitanatri — 2025-12-17

This study aims to analyze the social and economic impact of the Nusa Penida Festival on local communities in Nusa Penida, Bali. This annual festival showcases the cultural, artistic, and marine tourism of Nusa Penida, as well as the promotional media of the destinations and community empowerment. This study used a qualitative descriptive method and a case study approach. Data were collected through a literature review by examining various relevant secondary sources, such as scientific articles, government reports, and media publications. The results of the study showed that the Nusa Penida Festival has a positive contribution to local communities. From a socio-cultural perspective, this festival strengthens community identity and pride, encourages social participation, and increases awareness of the importance of cultural preservation. From an economic perspective, this festival encourages micro, small, and medium enterprise (MSMEs) activities, creates job opportunities, and increases local economic turnover. However, challenges such as decreased visitors, overtourism potential, and environmental pressure must be a concern in future management. Therefore, the Nusa Penida Festival must be directed toward the principle of sustainable tourism that emphasizes collaboration between government, community, and industrial actors so that the benefits can be distributed evenly and sustainably.

Dose-dependent muscle relaxant activity of avocado leaf (Persea americana Mill.) extract: Central nervous system effects in mice and implications for phytopharmaceutical development

Nur Ahya Alsabianti — 2025-12-19

Avocado leaves (Persea americana Mill.) contain flavonoids, saponins, and phenols, which are thought to exert muscle-relaxing effects through central nervous system depressant mechanisms. This study investigated the muscle-relaxing effects of avocado leaf extract (Persea americana) in male mice. Nine male mice were divided into three groups and administered 1%, 2%, and 4% avocado leaf infusions orally. Motor activity and reflex responses were observed every 15 min until the 100th min to assess muscle relaxation effects. The results showed that the muscle-relaxation effect increased with increasing extract concentration, at 15.55%, 34.44%, and 42.22%, respectively. Flavonoids and saponins are thought to play a role in increasing GABA activity, which reduces muscle tone. Avocado leaf extract showed muscle relaxation effects that increased with dose and has the potential to be a natural muscle relaxant through GABA activation.

The legal standing of the high prosecutor’s office as a mediator in the resolution of civil disputes between the government and civil society

Alhadiansyah Alhadiansyah — 2025-12-22

This study analyzes the legal status and institutional role of the Indonesian Prosecutor’s Office in mediating civil disputes between the government and civil society. Although the Prosecutor’s Office holds a sui generis position under national law—exercising prosecutorial powers alongside authority in civil and administrative matters—its structural placement within the executive branch raises concerns about neutrality and independence. The dual role of the Prosecutor’s Office as both mediator and State Attorney creates an inherent conflict of interest, potentially undermining the neutrality, procedural justice, and equality of arms essential to ADR. Drawing on doctrinal analysis and theories of procedural justice and separation of powers, this study argues that overlapping functions compromise mediation legitimacy. Public trust may decline when mediation is facilitated by an institution aligned with the disputing party. The study recommends limiting the Prosecutor’s Office to consultative functions, while substantive mediation should be handled by independent bodies. Clear functional demarcation and strengthened ethical guidelines are necessary to safeguard neutrality, accountability, and the rule of law.

The role of social learning and social support in reducing academic anxiety and enhancing achievement motivation among students

Albi Anggito — 2025-12-22

This study aims to examine the contribution of social learning and social support to reducing academic anxiety and stimulating achievement motivation in Elementary School Teacher Education students. The method used is a quantitative correlational approach involving a total of 150 undergraduate students selected through proportional random sampling. The Likert scale instruments used included social learning, social support, academic anxiety, and student achievement motivation. Data analysis used in this study is multiple regression and mediation with the aim of testing the direct and indirect relationships between variables. The research findings provide information that social learning significantly reduces academic anxiety and increases student achievement motivation. Other findings of the research show that social support has a direct and significant effect on increasing achievement motivation and functions as a partial mediator in the relationship between social learning and achievement motivation. Data analysis of academic anxiety also shows a negative effect on achievement motivation, indicating that academic anxiety becomes a psychological barrier to optimal academic achievement. The results of this study also demonstrate the central role of collaborative learning environments and mutually supportive social interactions in improving the emotional well-being and increasing the motivation of student teachers. The practical implications of this research for higher education institutions highlight the need to strengthen peer learning structures, mentoring systems, and socio-emotional support services. This study also contributes to the relevant literature by integrating social learning theory and social support theory in the context of elementary school teacher education. Furthermore, this study provides comprehensive data to understand how social and psychological factors can work together to shape students' academic motivation.

Protection of springs in forest areas

Hera Alvina Satriawan — 2025-12-23

Spring water is an essential natural resource that supports ecological stability and human survival, making its protection a significant environmental and legal governance issue. Amid increasing water demand, climate variability, and forest degradation, the State is required to establish a regulatory framework to preserve spring water, particularly in protected forest areas. This study examines the legal regulations governing the protection of spring water in forest zones using a normative legal research method. This study adopts a statutory approach by reviewing the 1945 Constitution, the Water Resources Act, the Forestry Act, and the Environmental Protection and Management Act, as well as a conceptual approach to analyze the doctrines of state control, the ecological function of forests, and principles of environmental protection. The findings demonstrate that protecting spring water is a constitutional mandate reinforced by interrelated sectoral statutes. Forests perform a critical hydrological function; thus, the degradation of forest areas directly affects the quality and availability of water. The Environmental Protection Act provides preventive legal instruments, such as the Strategic Environmental Assessment, Environmental Impact Assessment, and environmental approval, to control harmful activities. Additionally, forest rehabilitation programs and the designation of protected local zones strengthen the conservation measures. Although the legal framework is comprehensive, its effectiveness is hindered by policy inconsistencies, weak supervision, and conflicts of interest in land use decisions. An integrated, multilayered statutory system regulates the legal protection of spring water in forested areas. However, its success depends on consistent law enforcement, intergovernmental coordination, and strengthened local regulations to ensure sustainable water availability for future generations of farmers.

Decolonizing the past: Integrating the 'practical past' and local literature in Southeast Asian primary history education

Mujahidin Farid — 2025-12-24

The‍‌‍‍‌ history curriculum in primary schools across Southeast Asia frequently continues to be the inheritance of colonialism, which means that it is dominated by a Western-derived, evidence-based "historical past" that largely disregards local narratives and ways of knowing. This‍‌‍‍‌ article argues for the decolonization of history through the deliberate application of Michael Oakeshott's concept of the "practical past" and the use of regional and local literature. The present study, through a systematic review of the literature, shows that the dominant "historical past" model not only structures but also deepens the dependence of the knowledge system from which it originates. Therefore, it explores literary works to liberate the local people, such as historical novels, folktales, and legends, as authentic and reliable sources of community identity, core values, and "practical" historical knowledge. The findings show that such a blend results in a social change pedagogy that makes the class a dialogical space for the teacher's knowledge delivery and historical ‍‌‍‍‌deliberation. Students' historical empathy, critical multimedia literacy, and deep bond with their cultural heritage are some of the outcomes of this approach. However, there are still many issues, such as the lack of teacher preparedness, the conflict between fact and meaning in the curriculum, and the limitations of standardized testing. The article posits that the "decolonial" strategy, which accords the "practical past" equal ontological and epistemological status with other aspects, does not mean the abandonment of academic rigor but rather its enhancement. This, in turn, facilitates the development of a pluriversal historical consciousness, which is a prerequisite for the formation of identity-secure and critically engaged future generations in Southeast ‍‌‍‍‌Asia.

Green governance in maritime infrastructure development East Java as the new gateway of a sustainable Nusantara

Yepri Endika — 2025-12-24

This study explores the implementation of green governance in East Java’s maritime infrastructure development as the principal gateway to sustainable Nusantara. Positioned strategically as a national logistics and socio-economic hub connecting Java and Indonesia’s new capital (IKN), East Java possesses strong institutional, geographic, and community capacities to lead the green maritime transition. This research highlights how environmentally responsible port management, the efficiency and transparency of the Sea Toll program, and collaborative governance among the government, regional enterprises, MSMEs, and coastal communities contribute to sustainable development. Despite regulatory fragmentation, limited funding, and low environmental literacy, grassroots innovation and civic participation have emerged as transformative social capital. This study emphasizes the need to strengthen public policy alignment, expand fiscal incentives for sustainable ports, and enhance community-based environmental education as key strategies to accelerate an inclusive and socially responsive maritime governance model that supports IKN connectivity and regional welfare.

Transmission mechanisms of the Merah Putih Village cooperative's multiplier effect on the local economy: A conceptual analysis

Daniel Simamora — 2025-12-24

The Merah Putih Village Cooperative (KDMP) program is a strategic program initiated by the Indonesian Government to accelerate economic development starting from the village level, aligned with the national long-term development plan agenda. Although this program has significant potential for economic impact, a fundamental understanding of its transmission mechanisms to the local economy remains limited. This study aims to analyze and formulate a conceptual model that maps the multiplier effect transmission mechanisms generated by the KDMP. Using a qualitative method through a systematic literature review, this study identifies and synthesizes various pathways of cooperative economic impact on the local economy. The study results show that KDMP, with its business model, creates multiplier effects through three primary transmission pathways. First, the input provision and consumption. The second is financial intermediation and investment, and the third is value chain aggregation and integration. These pathways collectively generate reinforcing direct, indirect, and induced multiplier effects. This study also formulates a conceptual framework that can serve as an analytical tool for policymakers to design effective support interventions and as a foundation for future research to measure the actual magnitude of the KDMP’s multiplier effect.

Needs analysis of an augmented reality-based picture story module to improve social awareness and reading literacy among elementary school students

Abdulah Abdulah — 2025-12-24

This study aimed to reveal students' needs for Augmented Reality-based picture story modules to improve reading literacy and social awareness. The subjects of this study were 30 fifth-grade students from SD S Muhammadiyah Sungailiat. Data collection techniques included interviews, observations, questionnaires, and documentation. Qualitative research data were analyzed through three stages: data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. Quantitative data from the needs questionnaire were analyzed using a percentage formula to determine the level of students' needs for AR-based picture story modules. Furthermore, to maintain data validity, this study used source and technical triangulation techniques. The results of this study indicate that the need for AR-based picture story modules is high. The percentage range of needs for Augmented Reality-based picture story modules is at 73.33% - 87.50%. These findings are seen in each indicator, namely the reading interest indicator and picture stories, which obtained a percentage of 86.67%. This percentage indicates the category of "very needed." The indicator of difficulties and weaknesses in current learning obtained a percentage of 73.33%. This percentage is in the category of "needed." The indicator of the need for a new learning module obtained a percentage of 83.61%. This result is classified as the category of "very needed." The indicator of student acceptance and interest in AR obtained a percentage of 87.50%. This indicator category is "very needed." This is an indicator of the need for module features. The results of the analysis of this indicator showed a percentage of 85.67%. This indicator is in the category of "very needed." Based on these findings, it can be concluded that students need an AR-based picture story module that can make learning activities more interactive, interesting, and meaningful. AR-based modules can be designed to improve reading literacy and social awareness of students. This research serves as the basis for the development of an Augmented Reality-based picture story module in the next research stage.