Priviet Social Sciences Journal

Innovation of an android-based beverage sales application using a design thinking approach for MSME digitalization in Nabire

Usman Arfan — 2026-03-02

Digital transformation has become an essential requirement for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) to improve competitiveness and operational efficiency. This study aims to design an Android-based beverage sales application prototype to support MSME digitalization in Nabire Regency. The research employed the Design Thinking approach, consisting of empathize, define, ideate, prototype, and test stages. Activity diagrams were used to model the application’s business processes, while the prototype was developed using Figma as an interactive and visual system representation. Usability evaluation was conducted through limited testing using the Single Ease Question (SEQ) and System Usability Scale (SUS). The results indicate that the proposed prototype provides a clear user flow, aligns with user needs, and achieves a good level of usability. The developed prototype can serve as a foundation for future implementation of an Android-based beverage sales application to support MSME digitalization in Nabire Regency.

The risks of loan users for the mental health of the middle class

Iqbal Abdul Muqsith — 2026-03-02

The phenomenon of online loans (commonly known as pinjol) in Indonesia has grown rapidly in line with the advancement of digital technology. Easy access, fast disbursement processes, and the promotion of low interest rates have made pinjol highly attractive to the public, especially among the middle-class. However, behind this convenience lie various serious problems that affect users’ mental health. This study aims to analyze the risks of pinjol usage on the mental health of the middle-class community, particularly in the Parung Panjang and Tenjo Districts of Bogor Regency. The research method employed a qualitative approach supported by quantitative data. The findings show that the middle class is vulnerable to pinjol entrapment, even though they are generally considered to have better access to formal financial institutions. From a theoretical perspective, this research offers novelty by applying Lazarus and Folkman’s (1984) stress theory to the phenomenon of digital finance, thereby enriching perspectives on how primary and secondary appraisals and coping strategies shape the psychological pressure caused by pinjol. Field findings that highlight the dominance of emotion-focused coping strategies (resignation, anxiety, and avoidance) provide new contributions to the literature, as they reveal that the burden of pinjol not only creates economic problems but also reinforces a recurring cycle of stress without any long-term solutions. Therefore, stronger financial literacy, psychological support, and strict government regulations are urgently needed to prevent the harmful impacts of pinjol on Indonesia’s middle-class society.

Digital transformation in public service: Evaluating e-government implementation and fiscal performance at Samsat Pajajaran Bandung

Inkha Hedian Dena Fritiar — 2026-03-04

This study evaluates the implementation of e-government policies at Samsat Pajajaran, Bandung, focusing on fiscal performance and operational efficiency. Employing a qualitative case study design, data were gathered through in-depth interviews with purposively selected informants, including operational officers and taxpayers, as well as field observations and fiscal report analysis. The findings demonstrate that digitalization via the SIGNAL and e-Samsat platforms has successfully catalyzed local genuine revenue (PAD) growth, with a projected increase of IDR 250 billion by 2025. Operationally, service efficiency improved by 66.7%, reducing processing time from 45 to 15 minutes. However, the study identifies a significant digital divide affecting elderly taxpayers and technical latencies during peak hours. This research recommends a 50% increase in API server capacity to ensure socially inclusive governance.

Identification and control of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) risks in the slope and drainage reinforcement project on the Paksebali – Selat Provincial Road Section

I Nyoman Indra Kumara — 2026-03-04

The slope and drainage reinforcement project on the Paksebali–Selat Provincial Road section involves a relatively high potential for Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) risks due to excavation works, concrete casting, the use of heavy equipment, and hazardous working environment conditions. This study aims to identify extreme and high risks that may lead to work accidents and to determine appropriate OHS risk control measures for the project. The research method employed is a quantitative descriptive approach, with data collected through field observations, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation studies. Risk assessment was conducted based on the AS/NZS 4360 standard by multiplying the probability and severity levels, whereas risk control was analyzed using the Plan–Do–Check–Act (PDCA) cycle approach. The results indicated that the risks identified in this project fell into the extreme and high-risk categories, particularly in excavation works, road shoulder concrete casting, and heavy equipment mobilization. Potential hazards included landslides, being struck by equipment, and accidents caused by improper work methods. Risk control measures were implemented through improvements in work methods, enforcement of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) usage, enhanced supervision, installation of safety signs, and the regular implementation of training and safety meetings. The application of appropriate risk control measures is expected to minimize workplace accidents and improve overall project safety performance.

Journalists’ perceptions of the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) platforms in news production: A case study of Harian Disway Online Media

Mohamad Nur Khotib — 2026-03-05

This study examines journalists’ perceptions of the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in the news production process at Harian Disway, a digital-native media outlet based in Surabaya. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and document analysis, the study explores how journalists interpret, utilize, and evaluate AI within newsroom practices. The findings indicate that AI is primarily used as a technical assistant, particularly for translation, editing, and content optimization, rather than as a substitute for journalistic creative work. Journalists emphasize the necessity of human control because of AI’s limitations in factual accuracy and contextual understanding. Ethical concerns also emerge, particularly regarding excessive dependency on AI and the potential erosion of writing skills, particularly in feature writing. Drawing on Diffusion of Innovations Theory and Social Perception Theory, this study demonstrates that AI adoption at Harian Disway is selective, pragmatic, and firmly embedded within the framework of editorial ethics.

Resilience of MSMEs in Surakarta City: Integrating digital transformation and local economic resilience based on Javanese cultural values

Rohmad Suryadi — 2026-03-06

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a strategic role in sustaining local economies in Indonesia, particularly in culturally embedded cities such as Surakarta. Despite their growing number and contribution to employment, many MSMEs remain vulnerable to economic shocks, technological disruption, and unequal access to digital resources. This study aims to examine the resilience of MSMEs in Surakarta by analyzing the interaction between digital transformation, Javanese cultural values, and the legal–institutional environment that shapes the digital economy. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, this study employs a literature review methodology drawing on peer-reviewed journal articles, government reports, and policy documents related to MSME resilience, digitalization, and local economic development. The findings indicate that Javanese cultural values, including gotong royong, nrimo ing pandum, tepa slira, and ajining dhiri, function as social capital that strengthens social cohesion, psychological endurance, and ethical business practices among MSME actors. Digital transformation contributes positively to business resilience by expanding market access and improving operational efficiency; however, its impact remains uneven due to disparities in digital literacy, human resource capacity, and institutional support. Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of adaptive state regulation and legal certainty in ensuring inclusive digital transformation for MSMEs. This research concludes that MSME resilience in Surakarta emerges from the integration of cultural capital, digital capability, and responsive governance, underscoring the need for context-sensitive and collaborative policy approaches to support sustainable local economic development.

Analysis of the application of value engineering in the building construction project of State Elementary School 1 Padang Sambian

Ronaldi Matung — 2026-03-09

Cost efficiency is an important aspect of project planning. One common approach to increasing cost efficiency is value engineering. This study applies Value Engineering to the Padang Sambian 1 Public Elementary School Building Construction Project with a total planned budget of IDR. 10,019,488,000.00. The analysis was conducted using the Dell'Isola method, which consists of four stages: information, creative, analytical, and recommendation. Based on the results of the study, the items carried out by Value Engineering include concrete work items on floors 1, 2, 3 and the roof, wooden plank truss work and roof tiles (roof work), door window hanging and locking work on floors 1, 2, and 3, masonry and plastering work (wall work) on floors 1, 2, and 3, paving block installation, ceramic floor and wall installation on floors 1, 2, and 3, and ceiling work on floor 3. The cost efficiency obtained using the Dell’Isola theory value engineering method is IDR. 224,566,091.39 or 2.24% of the total project cost with details of savings of IDR. 69,226,207.23 on concrete work on floors 1, 2, 3, and roof, IDR. 58,015,626.87 on truss work, wooden planks and roof tiles (roof work), IDR. 6,890,888.88 on door and window hanging and locking work on floors 1, 2, and 3, IDR. 1,160,097.63 on masonry and plastering work (wall work) on floors 1, 2, and 3, IDR. 48,561,507.2 on paving block masonry, IDR. 18,528,260.2 on ceramic floor and wall masonry on floors 1, 2, and 3, and IDR. 22,183,503.3 on the 3rd floor ceiling work. The benefits of applying value engineering are that it can reduce project costs without reducing the function, quality, and performance of the building, while providing a more efficient technical basis for decision-making at the planning and construction implementation stages.

Implementation of electronic certificates and online land registration systems in realizing efficient land services

Wirda Ningsih Octavia — 2026-03-09

The digital transformation in Indonesia's land system marks a significant paradigm shift from manual systems to integrated electronic systems. This study examines the implementation of electronic certificates and online land registration systems in the context of sale and purchase deeds made by Land Deed Making Officials (PPAT). The main issues studied include: (1) how Indonesia's positive legal framework regulates the digital transformation of land sale and purchase deeds and electronic certificates; (2) legal challenges and obstacles in the implementation of land electronic systems, including aspects of legal certainty, data security, and protection of community rights; and (3) the ideal model for the implementation of digital transformation that can realize efficient land services without sacrificing legal certainty. The research uses a normative juridical method with a statute, case, and theoretical approach. The results of the study show that Indonesia's legal framework has accommodated digital transformation through the ITE Law, PP 24/1997 jo. PP 18/2021 on Land Registration, and other related regulations. However, implementation faces challenges in the form of gaps in technological infrastructure, human resource readiness, system standardization, and regulatory harmonization. The recommended ideal model is phased implementation with strengthened cybersecurity aspects, integrated digital validation, a reliable backup system, and comprehensive legal protection for the parties. Digital transformation must guarantee the principles of publicity, legal certainty, and the protection of human rights in land ownership.

Deconstructing climate justice in indonesia's climate mitigation legal policy: A theoretical analysis of distributive and procedural justice in the Carbon Economic Value (NEK) regulation

Wahyu Fahmi Rizaldy — 2026-03-09

Presidential Regulation No. 98 of 2021 “Carbon Economic Value” gives the first market-based instrument in the legal politics of Indonesia mitigation of climate change. In relation to this, the regulation hopes to accelerate target emissions. However, it also under climate justice implications in relation to the most vulnerable, specifically Indigenous Peoples (Masyarakat Hukum Adat/MHA). This research aims to dismantle the climate justice within the legal politics of NEK Regulation. This research is based on normative legal research methods where the author employs a statute, a conceptual approach, and a critical approach. This research is concerned with the two pillars of justice: distributive and procedural. The research findings show, first, that the legal politics of NEK distributive justice is to a large degree narrowly defined where the focus is on the ‘money’, ‘distribution’, and ‘rights’, and these ‘rights’ are the corporate permits. Perhaps worse, there are likely neo-disparities in the economic benefit-sharing to the Indigenous Peoples relative to the ecological burden-sharing. Second, in respect to the NEK regulation and procedural justice, particularly around the Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) concept, procedural justice in its normative assessment sees it as the completion of an administrative ritual. Such representation runs a high risk of becoming tokenism, which co-opts and undermines the real rights of Indigenous Peoples concerning carbon governance. This study finds that the NEK Regulation, as it currently stands, favors the efficiency of markets over justice in a substantive form, which illustrates the need to refocus the legal politics of mitigation on climate justice as a cornerstone.

Implementation of the inquiry learning model to enhance junior high school students’ scientific literacy: A qualitative study

Mizwar Mizwar — 2026-03-09

This study aims to analyze the implementation of the inquiry learning model to enhance junior high school students’ scientific literacy. The research is grounded in the concern that Indonesian students’ scientific literacy remains low, largely due to traditional teaching methods focused on rote memorization rather than scientific exploration. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach with a case study design, the research was conducted at MTs Alkhairaat Pusat Palu. Data were collected through classroom observations, in-depth interviews, and document analysis, then processed using Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña’s interactive analysis model, which consists of data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results show that the guided inquiry learning model effectively promotes students’ active participation, strengthens their scientific reasoning abilities, and deepens their conceptual understanding of natural phenomena. The teacher acts as a facilitator, guiding students to construct knowledge through investigation and reflective discussion. Improvements in scientific literacy were evident in students’ ability to interpret experimental data, explain scientific phenomena logically, and connect scientific concepts with real-life contexts. Supporting factors included teacher readiness, the use of relevant contextual materials, and a collaborative learning environment. Theoretically, this study reinforces social constructivism as a foundation for inquiry-based science education, while practically, it provides recommendations for developing curricula and teacher training programs that emphasize evidence-based scientific investigation and inquiry-oriented pedagogy.

An experience-based perspective on pro-environmental behavior in urban forests ecotourism

Sitti Nur Azmi Fadhlurrahmah — 2026-03-10

Urban forest ecotourism has emerged as an important strategy for promoting sustainable tourism and pro-environmental behavior in rapidly urbanizing cities. However, there has been limited attention to understanding how experiential encounters in urban forests translate into pro-environmental behavioral intentions. Drawing on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Experience Economy Theory, this study examines the relationships among experience quality, perceived value, attitude, and pro-environmental behavioral intention in the context of urban forest ecotourism. A quantitative research design was employed using a cross-sectional survey of 460 urban forest visitors. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling with a variance-based approach (SEM-PLS) to assess both the measurement and structural models. The results indicate that experience quality has significant positive effects on perceived value and attitude. Furthermore, both perceived value and attitude significantly influence pro-environmental behavioral intention. However, the direct effect of experience quality on pro-environmental behavioral intention was not significant, suggesting that experiential encounters influence intention indirectly through cognitive and attitudinal mechanisms. These findings extend the TPB framework by demonstrating that experience quality functions as a formative antecedent of attitude and perceived value rather than a direct predictor of pro-environmental intention. The study highlights the importance of designing meaningful urban forest experiences that foster positive evaluations and attitudes toward sustainability. From a managerial perspective, the results provide practical insights for urban forest managers and policymakers seeking to enhance pro-environmental outcomes through experience-based ecotourism strategies.

Analysis of socio demographic economic components in the livelihood vulnerability index of coastal communities due to tidal flooding in Bandar Lampung City

Resha Moniyana Putri — 2026-03-10

Tidal flooding is a recurring hazard in coastal areas and poses a serious threat to the sustainability of community livelihoods, particularly in regions that are highly dependent on coastal-based economic activities. In Bandar Lampung City, frequent tidal flooding events have disrupted the social, demographic, and economic conditions of coastal households, increasing their overall livelihood vulnerability. This study aims to analyze the level of social demographic economic vulnerability of coastal communities using the Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI) approach. The assessment focuses on four coastal districts Bumi Waras, Panjang, Teluk Betung Timur, and Teluk Betung Selatan and applies a balanced weighted averaged method to ensure equal contribution of each indicator within the composite index. Standardization of sub-components is conducted to enable consistent aggregation and comparison across districts. The results reveal that all studied districts fall within the vulnerable to very vulnerable categories. Bumi Waras District shows the highest level of vulnerability, primarily driven by a high proportion of female-headed households and limited household expenditure capacity. Panjang District is also characterized by considerable vulnerability due to demographic pressures and reduced labor productivity associated with household age structure. Meanwhile, Teluk Betung Timur and Teluk Betung Selatan exhibit relatively lower vulnerability levels, although persistent dependency ratios and gender-related household characteristics continue to constrain resilience. These findings demonstrate that livelihood vulnerability in coastal urban areas is multidimensional and shaped by the interaction of demographic structure, gender roles, and economic capacity. The study highlights the importance of integrating social and economic dimensions into coastal development planning and disaster risk reduction efforts to enhance household resilience and support sustainable livelihoods in Bandar Lampung City.

Algorithmic exposure and identity work among Indonesia’s generation z creators: reframing work culture in the platform economy

Muhammad Hikmal Yazid — 2026-03-10

This article examines how Indonesia’s Generation Z creative workers negotiate autonomy, identity, and precarity within the algorithmic infrastructures of the digital platform economy. Drawing on a mixed-method study across Jakarta, Bandung, and Yogyakarta (n = 312 survey; 20 interviews), the paper develops an integrated model linking platform affordances, algorithmic exposure, and identity work to income volatility and well-being. While theories of platform labour and identity work often derive from Western individualistic contexts, this study positions the Indonesian case as a boundary condition—where collectivist norms and affective reciprocity modify the logic of algorithmic precarity. Findings reveal that creative autonomy is increasingly mediated by algorithmic visibility metrics, transforming personal branding into a form of economic labour. Autonomy and creative freedom coexist with structural insecurity, producing a paradox of entrepreneurial dependence. The article contributes theoretically by identifying three mechanisms—algorithmic exposure, self-branding labour, and communal buffering—that reconfigure the platform–labour–identity nexus in emerging economies. Policy implications include the need for portable social protection, algorithmic transparency, and regional creative infrastructure to stabilize digital livelihoods. By integrating quantitative indicators with qualitative narratives, the study advances a socio-economic understanding of how digital capitalism reshapes work, identity, and social reproduction in Southeast Asia.

Academic library repository access policy in Indonesia: recent policy updates

Araf Aliwijaya — 2026-03-10

This study aims to identify repository access policies in university libraries in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. A qualitative approach was used through in-depth interviews. Eight informants from four selected libraries, as well as observation and review of repository websites. The results show a wide variety of policies ranging from full open access, limited access per chapter, access only for institutional members through Single Sign-On, to access restrictions only through library computers, as well as take-down and embargo practices. The findings report a general chronological pattern, namely initialization with openness, then gradually restricted due to concerns about plagiarism, protection of sensitive data, administrative burdens, resource limitations, and encouragement from internal actors such as lecturers. The discussion emphasizes that the reality of policy in the field is more complex than the typology in the literature because it is simultaneously influenced by technical, normative, and administrative factors. This research is expected to serve as a guideline for contextual and consistent repository policies, strengthening technical and managerial capacity, copyright policies, and communication strategies to increase researcher participation. Recommendations include the development of integrated embargo and authentication mechanisms to balance open access and the protection of academic integrity.

Self expression and authenticity in Mohan Hazian’s personal communication through the book “Goresan Seorang Berandal”

M. Ibnu Naufal Maskuri — 2026-03-11

This study looks at how Mohan Hazian shows himself and stays true to who he is through his book "Goresan Seorang Berandal." Mohan, a well-known figure in the creative world, shares his real thoughts and feelings in his writing. His book is not just a recounting of his life story; it is also a way for him to talk about himself and how he deals with the pressures of fame and the expectations of public life. This study uses a descriptive and qualitative approach, focusing on how stories are told. The data were obtained by examining the text, the way words are used, and the symbols that show how Mohan communicates about himself. The findings show that Mohan expresses himself through honest and emotional storytelling, demonstrating bravery in being open and real. His work shows the importance of being true to oneself by rejecting fake ideas and promoting free thinking in urban life. The book acts as a personal space for honest emotions and deep thinking and also stands up against the image-driven culture of the digital world.

Transformation of community education management in the digital era

Indri Ayu Widiyanti — 2026-03-11

Digital transformation has brought significant changes to all sectors of life, including community education management. Various efforts are made to continue to transform the management of community education to suit the needs and rapid changes of the times. This article aims to describe the dynamics of community education management transformation in the digital era with a focus on the opportunities and challenges faced. A qualitative descriptive approach and literature study were used to identify various studies that lead to the transformation of community education management. This study has shown that community digitalization offers great opportunities in terms of service efficiency and expansion and innovation of data-based programs and community participation. However, the main challenges faced by practitioners are the digital divide, limited human resource capacity, and institutions readiness are still obstacles in optimizing this transformation. The findings in this article are expected to help support policy formulation and the development of innovative and sustainable managerial practices to support community education in the digital community.

The transformation of learning culture in the age of AI: a sociological review of education from the perspective of Pierre Bourdieu’s social habitus

Nisfu Istiqomah — 2026-03-11

The development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology has led to significant changes in students learning. The increasing use of application platforms such as ChatGPT, Gemini, and Meta AI has demonstrated a shift in learning habits, which now emphasize speed and replace the reflective and collaborative approaches that are characteristic of traditional learning. This study aims to analyze how the use of AI can create new social habits among students in Indonesia and its impact on social values, morals, and the education system. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with a literature review through the analysis of various relevant scientific literature, both national and international. The results show that the repeated use of AI will form a digital habitus that emphasizes efficiency and quick results but weakens students' critical and reflective thinking skills. Furthermore, unequal access to technology deepens educational stratification, while the values of academic honesty and social responsibility are beginning to shift. Therefore, education in the AI era must focus on strengthening ethical digital literacy and the formation of a reflective habitus to ensure that technological development remains aligned with humanitarian values, morality, and academic integrity.

Sarong MSMEs in push local economic growth in Gresik City

Muhammad Afifi Rahman — 2026-03-11

This study examines the strategic role of sarong Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in promoting local economic growth in Gresik City, East Java. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation involving MSME owners, workers, and local consumers. The findings reveal that most sarong MSMEs are family-based businesses that create significant local employment and income opportunities. Through innovation and digital marketing especially via social media platforms these enterprises expand their market reach while preserving traditional weaving motifs unique to Gresik’s cultural identity. Sarong MSMEs not only strengthen the local economy by utilizing local raw materials and labor but also empower women and sustain cultural heritage. However, key challenges persist, including limited access to capital, inadequate managerial and digital skills, and competition from industrial and imported products. Strengthening government support, enhancing digital literacy, and expanding financing access are essential for ensuring their sustainable growth. Overall, sarong MSMEs serve as both economic and socio-cultural agents that significantly contribute to inclusive local development in Gresik City.

Gender-based leadership disparities: obstacles to women becoming leaders in student organizations

Syfriza Davies Raihannabil — 2026-03-11

This study identifies internal and external factors that hinder women from becoming leaders of student organizations. Traditional leadership stereotypes consider men to be more worthy of leadership than women, resulting in disparities in gender-based leadership. In fact, men and women should have equal opportunities to become leaders. This study simultaneously examines internal and external factors that hinder women from becoming leaders based on statistical and empirical evidence that has never been found in previous studies. The survey-based sampling study involved 90 respondents who were divided into female students who were and were not leaders of student organizations. The survey data were analyzed using binary logistic regression analysis. This study found that self-confidence and responsibility have a statistically significant effect on women's leadership. Women with lower self-confidence and responsibility show a lower tendency to become leaders. Understanding, knowledge, patriarchal culture, ability, and relationships did not show a significant effect. However, women who become leaders generally have higher knowledge, perceive less patriarchal culture, and have stronger relationships. The main obstacle for women in taking leadership positions is internal factors. Therefore, development programs that focus on increasing self-confidence and responsibility need to be a priority.

The financial implications of temporary internet restrictions to Mobile Network Operators (MNOs): Evidence from Tanzania's october 29th to november 3rd 2025 event

Issa G. Ahmed — 2026-03-11

This study estimates the immediate financial effects of state-ordered internet restrictions imposed in Tanzania from October 29 to November 3, 2025, amid post-election protests. It addresses a sectoral gap in shutdown-economics research by quantifying the short-run burden on mobile network operators (MNOs) and the associated implications for mobile-money activity and telecom-linked tax revenues. Employing a convergent mixed-methods design, the study combines an event-study analysis of MNO revenue with document analysis of the regulatory framework. Quantitative estimates apply traffic-baseline and ARPU-severity models calibrated to independent network-measurement and contemporaneous reporting that documented a nationwide disruption and sharp suppression of connectivity during the event window. To reflect telecom revenue mechanics, the modelling distinguishes revenue that is relatively fixed over billing cycles (bundles/subscriptions) from revenue that is immediately exposed (usage-based charges, value-added services, OTT bundles) and incorporates likely short-run credits/compensation and enterprise SLA exposure. Findings indicate a conservative, sector-wide revenue shortfall of TZS 18.204 billion (USD 7.4 million) over the six-day window. The disruption also implies TZS 6–12 billion (USD 2.44–4.88 million) in forgone mobile-money fee income and a direct telecom-tax loss of TZS 6.371 billion (USD 2.59 million); including taxes associated with the mobile-money fee base yields an estimated total fiscal shortfall of TZS 8.8–17.6 billion. The study concludes that internet restrictions constitute material economic interventions and highlights a regulatory gap regarding operator cost recovery, recommending proportionality, protection of essential payment rails, and limited cost-sharing/compensation clauses in licensing frameworks

The humanity principle in regard to coup de grâce in armed conflicts reviewed from the perspective of international humanitarian law

Eliza Fanyeeteng — 2026-03-11

Coup de grâce is a practice that has been deeply ingrained throughout military history. Although this practice has been prohibited by various conventions, violations still occur because of differences in views between soldiers and legal scholars. The purpose of this study is to analyze and examine the practice of euthanasia or coup de grâce that occurs on the battlefield during armed conflict, based on the principle of humanity from the perspective of International Humanitarian Law. This study employs the normative legal research method with statute and conceptual approaches. The result of this study shows that coup de grâce cannot be justified in the eyes of International Humanitarian Law even with the knowledge that it is done based on mercy towards an excessively injured combatant, remembering the principle of humanity and differentiation as the basis of International Humanitarian Law. Therefore, coup de grâce can be classified without a doubt as a war crime.

Dissecting justice: The legal significance of medical records and informed consent in malpractice cases

Muhammad Darwis — 2026-03-12

This study examines the legal position and strength of medical records and informed consent as evidence in medical malpractice cases in Indonesia. Using normative legal research methods, this study applies a statutory approach and an analytical approach to understand the aspects of health law and related evidentiary law. The study results indicate that medical records have a strong position as written evidence in civil procedural law and as written evidence in criminal procedural law. Meanwhile, informed consent plays an important role in proving the fulfilment of the doctor's obligation to provide information to patients. However, the existence of informed consent does not necessarily eliminate the doctor's responsibility if proven to have committed negligence. This study also reveals that the use of medical records and informed consent as evidence must consider aspects of patient confidentiality and the development of electronic medical record technology. In conclusion, although medical records and informed consent have significant evidentiary power, their use must be carried out carefully by considering the case context, medical professional standards, and applicable health law principles to ensure justice in resolving medical malpractice cases in Indonesia.

Waste banks as social movements: a case study of Morse Indah waste bank in Banjarmasin

Samsir Eka Putera — 2026-03-12

Waste banks have commonly been examined as tools for environmental education, community empowerment, and urban waste management programs. However, their role as social movements that mobilize collective action and shape everyday environmental practices at the community level remains underexplored. This study addresses this gap by analyzing the Morse Indah Waste Bank in Banjarmasin through the perspectives of Resource Mobilization Theory (RMT) and New Social Movement (NSM). This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach with a single case study design. Data were collected through a semi-structured interview with the key actors of the Morse Indah Waste Bank, non-participant observation of routine activities, and document analysis of relevant policy and institutional materials. The data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis through inductive and deductive coding, supported by triangulation across interviews, observations, and documents. The findings indicate that the Morse Indah Waste Bank functions as a community-based cultural social movement rather than a contentious political movement. Resource mobilization occurs through active commitment, recyclable materials, limited financial incentives, and cross-sector networks involving local governments and corporate social responsibility programs. From the NSM perspective, the initiative emphasizes collective identity formation and cultural change, reflected in routine practices such as waste sorting, regular waste deposits, and environmentally oriented lifestyles. Nevertheless, the sustainability of the movement remains constrained by fluctuating community participation and strong dependence on a small number of key actors. This study contributes to the social movement and community-based environmental governance literature by demonstrating how waste banks can operate as cultural social movements at the neighborhood level while also revealing organizational vulnerabilities that shape their long-term sustainability.

The symmetric effects of inflation, exchange rates, and international trade on Indonesia's balance of payments 2015-2024 based on ARDL

Dyah Ayu Setianingrum — 2026-03-12

This research utilizes the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach to examine the symmetrical effects of inflation, exchange rates, and international trade on Indonesia's balance of payments over the period from 2015 to 2024. Amidst global economic instability, exacerbated by the US-China trade war, the persistent pandemic COVID-19, and ongoing geopolitical tensions, the Republic of Indonesia faces significant challenges in maintaining its external balance. This study employs quarterly time series secondary data sourced from Bank Indonesia, Statistics Indonesia (BPS), and the Ministry of Trade. The long-run estimation results indicate a negative correlation between inflation and the balance of payments, with a coefficient of -3468.811 (p=0.059). This means that if inflation goes up a lot, it could make the country's external position worse. The export coefficient, at 2.4342 (p=0.000), indicates a substantial positive impact, whereas the import coefficient, at -2.5669 (p=0.000), signifies a considerable negative effect. The exchange rate's long-term influence appears relatively weak, as evidenced by a coefficient of -0.635 (p=0.082). Short-run estimations reveal that the error correction term (ECT) coefficient is -0.9766 (p=0.000), suggesting a rapid convergence towards long-run equilibrium. These findings carry significant implications for Indonesian economic policy, particularly concerning inflation control and export promotion, both of which are essential for maintaining external stability. Consequently, to enhance the long-term balance of payments, the implementation of prudent monetary and trade policies that foster export expansion while managing import levels is crucial.

From data opacity to data literacy: co-producing welfare transparency through decile-based public information socialization at the village level

Rafli Miftakhul Roziqin — 2026-03-12

Transparency in social assistance governance remains a key challenge in improving targeting accuracy and public trust, particularly at the village level. This community service study examines the impact of decile-based public information socialization on community understanding of social assistance distribution and the Kartu Indonesia Sehat (KIS) program in Banjareja Village, Kebumen Regency. Using a pre-experimental one-group pre-test–post-test design, data were collected from 32 participants, including village officials and RT/RW representatives. Community understanding was measured using a structured questionnaire administered before and after the socialization activity. Owing to the non-normal data distribution, differences between the pre-test and post-test scores were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks Test. The results indicate a statistically significant improvement in community understanding following the socialization activity (p < 0.05). The findings suggest that combining public information transparency with interactive discussions enhances policy literacy and supports participatory engagement in social assistance governance. The involvement of local actors reflects the practice of co-production, in which communities actively contribute to understanding and monitoring welfare policies. This study highlights the importance of participatory, data-informed socialization as a practical approach to strengthening transparency, accountability, and community engagement in social assistance programs at the village level.

Optimizing village empowerment through creative MSMEs, financial literacy, and government policies for poverty alleviation

Wahyu Wibowo — 2026-03-12

This study examines village empowerment strategies for poverty alleviation through the integration of strengthening creative MSMEs based on local culture, increasing financial literacy (including digital financial literacy), and government policy support. The study uses a literature study by selecting and synthesizing research findings related to the concept of Cultural Independent Villages, creative entrepreneurship, financial inclusion, and collaborative governance models. The results of the synthesis show that local culture can be an endogenous capital that generates economic added value through creative products and services, while strengthening citizen participation. However, the growth of MSMEs is not sustainable without the ability to record finances, plan capital, and utilize secure digital financial services. Policy support is needed to build an ecosystem in the form of tiered mentoring, business incubation, pentahelix partnerships, access to financing, and market access through marketing digitalization. The study confirms that fragmented interventions tend to produce short-term impacts, so programs should be designed place-based with success indicators that include revenue, business sustainability, market expansion, and financial inclusion. Future agendas include cross-village integrative model testing, data-driven impact measurement, and risk and consumer protection assessments on digital financial literacy. Practically, the main recommendations are to build an applicable financial literacy curriculum, facilitate legality and product standardization, and strengthen culture-based branding so that MSMEs upgrade and their benefits are evenly distributed at the household level.

The influence of shipping and online consumer reviews on purchase decisions on Shopee e-commerce among economics education students at Nusa Cendana University

Juananda Keluanan — 2026-03-12

In the current digital era, the Internet has provided convenience for many parties to market products through online media. However, several factors continue to influence consumers’ choices when shopping online. Therefore, this study focuses on examining consumer behavior in making purchases, considering consumer reviews and free shipping. The objective of this study was to understand how each element affects purchasing decisions in the Shopee online marketplace, both partially and simultaneously. The approach used was survey-based and quantitative. The population of this study comprised all 485 students of the Economics Education program at Undana, with a sample of 220 respondents determined through probability sampling using a simple random sampling technique based on Slovin’s formula. A questionnaire containing 24 statements that had undergone validity and reliability tests was used as the research instrument. With the assistance of SPSS version 27, the data analysis was conducted using multiple linear regression, complemented by t-tests, F-tests, and the coefficient of determination. The findings indicate that online consumer reviews and free shipping have a positive and significant impact on consumers’ purchasing decisions. With an F-value of 169.693 and a significance level of 0.000, these two factors also have a significant combined effect. The results show that these elements significantly influence the purchasing decisions of Economics Education students at Universitas Nusa Cendana on Shopee e-commerce platforms.

The implementation of dhikr taskiyatun nafs in enhancing the spiritual intelligence of takhasus class students at pondok pesantren Nurul Ikhlas Sepande Candi Sidoarjo

Angga Dwi Oktafiawan — 2026-03-13

This study examines the implementation of dhikr taskiyatun nafs in enhancing the spiritual intelligence of takhasus class students at Pondok Pesantren Nurul Ikhlas Sepande Candi Sidoarjo. The research employs a qualitative descriptive approach using field research methods. Data were collected through participatory observation, in depth interviews with ustadz and students, and institutional document analysis. The study aims to explore the institutional configuration, implementation mechanism, and transformative impact of dhikr taskiyatun nafs on students’ spiritual development. The findings reveal that dhikr taskiyatun nafs has been systematically institutionalized since the establishment of the pesantren and functions as a central instrument of spiritual formation. Its implementation follows a structured pedagogical process, including the internalization of dhikr recitations, routine repetition in guided assemblies, deepening of theological meaning, and integration into daily life practices. The practice is supported by continuous supervision and spiritual mentoring by the kiai and ustadz. The results indicate significant transformation in students’ spiritual intelligence, reflected in increased reflective self awareness, strengthened transcendental relationship with Allah, improved emotional stability, and enhanced moral behavior. Students reported experiencing greater inner peace, patience, and consistency in worship practices. In conclusion, dhikr taskiyatun nafs serves not merely as a ritual activity but as a systematic spiritual mentoring model that contributes to the holistic development of students’ spiritual intelligence within the pesantren educational context.

The effect of government public relations effectiveness of Bogor City government in disseminating information through TikTok social media (@pemkotbogor)

Kessya Rosa Augustine — 2026-03-13

The development of information technology has driven a transformation in public communication strategies, particularly through social media. Tiktok, as one of the short-form video-based platforms, as experienced significant growth in Indonesia, with over 150 million users recorded in 2024. This platform is no longer used solely for entertainment purposes but has also been adopted by various institutions, including government bodies, as an effective and real-time medium for disseminating information to the wider public. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the public relations division of the Bogor City Government in disseminating information to the public through the TikTok social media account @pemkotbogor. This research uses a quantitative method with a survey approach to collect data from active TikTok users who follow the account. The study was conducted in the Bogor City area using purposive sampling, selecting respondents based on their active use of TikTok social media. The results indicate that the public relations activities through the TikTok account @pemkotbogor are effective in spreading information to the community, demonstrated by high levels of understanding, interaction, and message reach. In conclusion, the use of TikTok social media by the Bogor City Government can serve as an efficient public communication strategy in the digital era; however, continuous improvement in content quality and interactivity is needed to reach a wider audience.

A literature review of lead exposure as a risk factor for neurocognitive disorders in children and obstetric risks in pregnant women

Yudhea Dwike Fransiska — 2026-03-13

Lead exposure remains a persistent environmental health concern with significant implications for maternal and child health. Children and pregnant women are particularly vulnerable due to physiological susceptibility and developmental sensitivity. This study aimed to analyze existing scientific evidence regarding lead exposure as a risk factor for neurocognitive disorders in children and obstetric risks in pregnant women through a descriptive literature review approach. A comprehensive search was conducted across international and national academic databases, including peer reviewed studies published between 2005 and 2024. Articles examining biological indicators of lead exposure, particularly blood lead levels, and reporting neurocognitive outcomes in children or obstetric outcomes in pregnant women were included. The selected studies were analyzed using narrative synthesis to identify consistent patterns, dose response relationships, and biologically plausible mechanisms. The findings indicate a consistent association between elevated blood lead levels and impaired cognitive development in children, including reduced intelligence scores, executive dysfunction, and attention related problems. Evidence also demonstrates significant relationships between maternal lead exposure and increased risks of gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, preterm birth, and low birth weight. The absence of a safe exposure threshold and the presence of intergenerational effects highlight the public health significance of lead toxicity. In conclusion, lead exposure represents a critical environmental determinant of adverse neurodevelopmental and obstetric outcomes. Preventive strategies integrating environmental regulation, maternal health surveillance, and early childhood protection are essential to mitigate long term health consequences

Nursing care for patient Mrs. SM with a diagnosis of Broncial Asthma in the Bethesda Room, Monompia GMIBM Hospital, Kotamobagu

Fitrah Mamonto — 2026-03-16

Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease that affects the airways and is commonly found in adults. The condition is characterized by bronchial hyperresponsiveness, airway inflammation, and reversible airflow obstruction triggered by various internal and external stimuli. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodic symptoms such as wheezing, persistent coughing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness. These symptoms often lead to the accumulation of mucus or secretions in the respiratory tract, which can obstruct the airways and result in ineffective airway clearance. If not properly managed, this condition may worsen respiratory distress and significantly reduce the patient’s quality of life. Therefore, comprehensive nursing care is required to help maintain airway patency and improve respiratory function in patients with bronchial asthma. This study employed a descriptive case study approach to examine the nursing care provided to a patient diagnosed with bronchial asthma in the Bethesda Room at Monompia General Hospital GMIBM Kotamobagu. Data collection was conducted through patient interviews, direct observation, and physical examination to identify the patient’s clinical condition and nursing problems. The primary nursing diagnosis identified was ineffective airway clearance related to airway hypersecretion. Nursing interventions included the implementation of effective coughing exercises as a non-pharmacological therapy, patient positioning, monitoring of sputum production, and collaboration with pharmacological therapy when necessary. The results of the nursing intervention showed improvement in the patient’s airway clearance ability, indicated by increased effectiveness of coughing and reduced sputum retention. In conclusion, the application of effective coughing techniques combined with comprehensive nursing care can support airway clearance and improve respiratory comfort in patients with bronchial asthma. These findings highlight the important role of nurses in implementing non-pharmacological interventions to optimize respiratory management in clinical settings.

Illocutionary act in talk show of “The Tonight Show” by Jimmy Fallon

Sri Meiyandi Giasi — 2026-03-16

Illocutionary act is one of the important parts of communication because it conveys the meaning of an utterance, so that it can be understood by the listener, and avoid misunderstanding in communication. This research aims to analyze the types of illocutionary acts used by Jimmy Fallon in his utterance on “The Tonight Show”. This research uses descriptive qualitative method, and for data collection uses note-taking method. The data in this study were analysed using Yule's (1996) theory that addressed to 5 types which are, declarative, representative, expressive, directive, and commissive. The results showed that Jimmy Fallon used 4 types of 5 types of illocutionary act in the seven The Tonight Show videos researched. The data found shows 31 sentences that are; 12 representative utterances, 11 expressive utterances, 7 directive utterances, and 1 commissive utterance. Meanwhile, the types of illocutionary act that is not found is declarative. Based on the results of the study, it could be concluded that the representative act is the most illocutionary act found in Jimmy Fallon's utterances. This study suggested to conduct a broader research on speech acts, not only in terms of illocutionary acts but also from other speech acts. This research contributed to influence how to interact, understand illocutionary acts in utterance, and build good social relationships with other people.

Education storytelling & digitization for the congregation of GKI Kwitang Bajem Cililitan, East Jakarta

Imelda Masni Juniaty Sianipar — 2026-03-16

This community engagement program focuses on improving storytelling competence and basic digital literacy among Sunday School teachers and youth at GKI Kwitang Bajem Cililitan, East Jakarta. The program was implemented through interdisciplinary collaboration between the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences and the Faculty of Letters and Languages, integrating social communication perspectives with literary and creative approaches. The main challenges identified were limited creative storytelling techniques and insufficient technical skills in using digital presentation media to support worship and educational activities. The methods applied included participatory training, hands-on workshops, storytelling simulations using puppet stages, and basic PowerPoint operation training for worship presentations. Program implementation emphasized practical skill development through guided practice and direct evaluation. The results show that participants were able to deliver stories more effectively, demonstrate improved narrative confidence, and operate presentation media with greater accuracy during church services. Audience engagement during Sunday School sessions also increased as storytelling became more interactive and visually supported. In conclusion, the integration of storytelling training and basic digital literacy proved effective in enhancing communication skills and youth participation within a faith-based community. This program contributes to sustainable community empowerment by strengthening creative expression and technical support for religious and educational activities.

Dynamics of water quality at different stocking densities and its effect on the growth of Vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) under intensive culture at PT Shihe Udang Industry Indonesia

Ainul Qadri — 2026-03-16

Vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is a leading aquaculture commodity in Indonesia, with high market demand for both domestic consumption and export. However, cultivation continues to fail, primarily due to water quality problems. Water-quality parameters play a crucial role in the ecosystem of intensive shrimp ponds. This study aimed to determine the effect of stocking density on water quality and production outcomes. The research was conducted over one shrimp culture cycle at PT Shihe Udang Industry Indonesia. The results showed that the water-quality dynamics in all three observed ponds tended to increase as the day of culture progressed, and the parameters that most strongly influenced shrimp growth and production were NH4⁺, total organic matter, and total Vibrio count. The data indicate that higher stocking densities strongly affect water quality: Pond A1 (361 shrimp/m²) had more stable water quality than ponds A5 (637 shrimp/m²) and C (1,296 shrimp/m²). Production in Pond A1 was the most optimal at 11,220.31 kg, with a survival rate of 68% and a feed conversion ratio of 1.47. The lowest production occurred in Pond C at 1,484.56 kg, with a survival rate of 25% and a feed conversion ratio of 2.43. The poor production performance in Pond C was driven by the very high stocking density, which deteriorated water quality; the high total Vibrio count also contributed to shrimp mortality.

Implementation of the principle ultimum remedium in police action: A juridical analysis of the realization a just and humane lex certa

Eko Sujarwo — 2026-03-17

The principle of ultimum remedium is a fundamental principle in criminal law that places criminal sanctions as a last resort in law enforcement. This study analyzes the implementation of the principle of ultimum remedium in police action from a fair and humanist lex certa perspective. The research uses normative legal methods with a statutory approach, a case approach, and a theoretical approach. The problems studied include (1) the theoretical conception of the principle of ultimum remedium in the Indonesian criminal law system; (2) the practice of implementing the principle of ultimum remedium in police actions and its challenges; and (3) the ideal construction of the application of the principle of ultimum remedium that is just and humane. The results of the study show that the principle of ultimum remedium has not been fully implemented in police actions due to the unclear norms (lex certa), repressive orientation in law enforcement, and lack of control mechanisms. This study recommends a reformulation of legal provisions that more firmly regulate the principle of ultimum remedium, strengthening the restorative justice approach, and establishing an independent oversight mechanism for police discretion to realize fair and humane law enforcement.