Evaluating school disaster preparedness: A comparative study between urban and rural areas in Indonesia

Muhamad Irfan Nurdiansyah; Dewi Nurwati

doi:10.55942/pssj.v5i8.524

Authors

Muhamad Irfan Nurdiansyah Gadjah Mada University https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1236-0096
Dewi Nurwati Airlangga University https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4193-7340

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55942/pssj.v5i8.524

Keywords:

disaster preparedness, schools, SPAB, disaster education, disaster management, mitigation

Abstract

Indonesia is among the countries most vulnerable to natural disasters, positioning school preparedness as a strategic priority in national disaster risk reduction (DRR) initiatives. This study aimed to assess the level of disaster preparedness in schools using a qualitative approach based on a secondary literature review. The data are drawn from peer-reviewed journals, official government publications, and reports from accredited humanitarian organizations published between 2018 and 2024. This study employs a dual evaluative framework, the School Disaster Resilience Index (SDRI) developed by UNESCO, and the indicators of the Disaster-Resilient Education Unit (SPAB), as mandated by Regulation of the Minister of Education and Culture No. 33 of 2019. The analysis focuses on six core dimensions: school infrastructure, disaster training, integration of DRR into the curriculum, community participation, use of technology, and cultivation of a safety culture within schools. The findings highlight the significant disparities between urban and rural schools, especially regarding access to resources, institutional support, and technological integration. Although rural schools exhibit strong community engagement and the application of local wisdom, they remain behind in terms of structural and systemic preparedness. The novelty of this study lies in its integration of two evaluative models and its proposal for a disaster risk education curriculum tailored to the local context. These results are expected to contribute to the formulation of more inclusive and adaptive disaster education policies in Indonesia, particularly by informing government agencies such as the Ministry of Education and Culture (Kemendikbud), the National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB), regional disaster management bodies (BPBD), and non-governmental organizations involved in school-based disaster risk reduction efforts.

Author Biographies

Muhamad Irfan Nurdiansyah, Gadjah Mada University

Muhamad Irfan Nurdiansyah is a Master’s student in Disaster Management at Universitas Gadjah Mada under the LPDP Scholarship program. He has more than nine years of experience in disaster management, community-based education, and policy development. He has been involved in various projects on disaster management planning at the district and municipal levels, facilitation of the Safe School Program (Satuan Pendidikan Aman Bencana / SPAB), and community service in disaster-affected areas. His research interests include disaster education, risk mitigation, and occupational safety.

Dewi Nurwati, Airlangga University

Dewi Nurwati holds a Master’s degree in Public Policy from Universitas Airlangga with cum laude distinction and is an LPDP Scholarship awardee. She has research and publication experience in public policy, coastal tourism, and community empowerment. She is actively engaged as a speaker at various national seminars and has extensive experience in organizational activities and strategic partnerships. Her research interests include public policy, sustainable tourism development, and collaborative governance.

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