The phenomenon of inner marriage from the perspective of national marriage law and protection of women

Muh. Akbar Fhad Syahril; Nurhaedah Hasan

doi:10.55942/pssj.v5i7.403

Authors

Muh. Akbar Fhad Syahril Andi Sapada Institute of Social Sciences and Business https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6171-4275
Nurhaedah Hasan Muhammadiyah University of Parepare

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55942/pssj.v5i7.403

Keywords:

Marry Inner, Law Marriage, Protection Woman, Right Child, Recording Marriage

Abstract

This article analyzes unregistered marriage in Indonesia from a national legal perspective, focusing on its impact on the rights of women and children. Applying a normative legal approach, the study reviews statutory law, religious fatwas, and court decisions to clarify that unregistered marriages, while sometimes valid religiously, however lack formal legal recognition under Undang-Undang Perkawinan. This legal gap exposes women to loss of civil rights and leaves children vulnerable to administrative discrimination and social stigma. The discussion also highlights legal developments following Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi No. 46/PUU-VIII/2010, as well as the influence of local traditions and limited legal literacy. The article concludes by recommending legal reform, community legal education, and integration of customary practices to strengthen protection for affected groups.

Author Biographies

Muh. Akbar Fhad Syahril, Andi Sapada Institute of Social Sciences and Business

Muh. Akbar Fhad Syahril, is a Permanent Lecturer at the Faculty of Law, Andi Sapada Institute of Social Sciences and Business, Parepare, South Sulawesi. Since 2023, he has been trusted to serve as Head of the Institute for Research and Community Service (LP2M) at the same institution. His active involvement in the world of research and scientific publications is very relevant to his interests and expertise in the field of family law, especially related to issues of women's protection in national marriage law. This is reflected in the research he is currently working on entitled "The Phenomenon of Inner Marriage from the Perspective of National Marriage Law and Protection of Women." In her capacity as a researcher, she is fully responsible for designing the conceptual framework of research related to unregistered marriages and women's protection, conducting analysis of national regulations such as Undang-Undang No. 1 tahun 1974 and Kompilasi Hukum Islam, and synthesizing findings regarding the impact of unregistered marriages on women's civil rights. She also compiles academic manuscripts for publication in reputable international journals. The combination of roles as an academic, research practitioner, and journal editor strengthens her capacity to produce critical and comprehensive studies on marriage law in Indonesia.

Nurhaedah Hasan, Muhammadiyah University of Parepare

Nurhaedah Hasan, is a lecturer at the Faculty of Law, Muhammadiyah University of Parepare, South Sulawesi. In addition to her role as an academic, she also practices as a notary and Land Deed Making Officer (PPAT) with a working area in Parepare. Her professional experience in the field of notary and land affairs strengthens her competence in examining aspects of civil law, especially those related to the legality of documents, protection of civil rights, and implementation of law in society. The combination of teaching activities and legal practice provides a comprehensive perspective for Nurhaedah Hasan, especially in examining issues of marriage law and women's protection. Her involvement as a notary and PPAT allows her to directly understand the dynamics of legal practices in the field, making it very relevant to the research on "The Phenomenon of Inner Marriage from the Perspective of National Marriage Law and Protection of Women." With this background, Nurhaedah Hasan is committed to making a real contribution to the development of family law studies and women's protection in Indonesia.

References

Alkaf, B. (2022). Kekerasan Seksual di Balik Modus Nikah Batin, MUI Batola Wanti-wanti Masyarakat. Bakabar.Com. https://bakabar.com/post/kekerasan-seksual-di-balik-modus-nikah-batin-mui-batola-wanti-wanti-masyarakat-l7dd3euk#google_vignette

Amir, Y., & Hidayat, T. (2018). Praktik Nikah Batin di Kabupaten Padang Pariaman. Turast: Jurnal Penelitian Dan Pengabdian, 6(2), 125–135. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15548/turast.v6i2.36 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15548/turast.v6i2.36

Fardi, A. (2025). Tujuan Nikah Batin Aspek Hukum, Sosial, dan Agama. Https://Jangkargroups.Co.Id/. https://jangkargroups.co.id/tujuan-nikah-batin/

Hasanah, U. U. (2025, April 6). Apa Itu Nikah Batin dan Istri Batin? Viral Istilah dalam Series Bid’ah Malaysia, Ini Hukumnya. Serayu News. https://serayunews.com/apa-itu-nikah-batin-dan-istri-batin-viral-istilah-dalam-series-bidah-malaysia-ini-hukumnya

Indonesia., K. A. R. (2024). Prinsip Dasar Hukum Perkawinan Dalam Sistem Hukum Nasional. Kepegawaian Polije.

Irfan, M. N. (2017). Kriminalisasi Poligami dan Nikah Siri. Al-’Adalah, 8(2), 121–140. https://ejournal.radenintan.ac.id/index.php/adalah/article/download/248/489

Irwansyah, I. (2020). Penelitian Hukum: Pilihan Metode & Praktik Penulisan Artikel. Yogyakarta: Mirra Buana Media.

Juliardi, B., Runtunuwu, Y. B., Musthofa, M. H., TL, A. D., Asriyani, A., Hazmi, R. M., Syahril, M. A. F., Saputra, T. E., Arman, Z., & Rauf, M. A. (2023). Metode Penelitian Hukum. CV. Gita Lentera.

Karim, K., Laga, A., & Syahril, A. F. (2024). Inheritance Rights of Children Leased by Womb in Civil Law Perspective. European Journal of Privacy Law & Technologies, 108. https://universitypress.unisob.na.it/ojs/index.php/ejplt/article/view/1862

Lisyanto, I. R., Supriyatni, R., & Djanuardi. (2024). Kedudukan Hukum Perkawinan yang Tidak Direstui Orang Tua dengan Alasan Tidak Dilakukannya Khitbah Menurut Hukum Islam Dikaitkan dengan Instruksi Presiden Nomor 1 Tahun 1991 tentang Kompilasi Hukum Islam. Mahkamah: Jurnal Riset Ilmu Hukum, 1(4), 265–274. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.62383/mahkamah.v1i4.231 DOI: https://doi.org/10.62383/mahkamah.v1i4.231

Lubis, Z. (2025). Hukum Nikah Batin. Bincang Syariah. https://bincangsyariah.com/hukum-islam/ibadah/hukum-nikah-batin/

Ningrum, F. W. (2025). Nikah Siri dan Dampaknya Terhadap Hak Perempuan dan Anak dalam Itsbat Nikah. TADHKIRAH: Jurnal Terapan Hukum Islam Dan Kajian Filsafat Syariah, 2(1), 60–72. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.59841/tadhkirah.v2i1.85

RB, Z. (2025, April 15). Mengenal Nikah Batin yang Populer Dalam Drama Malaysia Bidaah, Ternyata Tidak Dikenal dalam Syariat Islam, Begini Penjelasan Buya Yahya. Radar Banjarmasin. https://bakabar.com/post/kekerasan-seksual-di-balik-modus-nikah-batin-mui-batola-wanti-wanti-masyarakat-l7dd3euk

Ridwan, S. (2025). Unregistered Marriage: The State’s Failure to Protect the Civil Rights of Women and Children. Jurnal Ilmiah Gema Perencana, 4(1), 77–96. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.61860/jigp.v4i1.196. DOI: https://doi.org/10.61860/jigp.v4i1.196

Salim, M. P. (2025, April 15). Praktik Nikah Batin Ternyata Ada di Indonesia, Ini Bedanya dengan Serial Bidaah. Lputan6. https://www.liputan6.com/hot/read/5995805/praktik-nikah-batin-ternyata-ada-di-indonesia-ini-bedanya-dengan-serial-bidaah

Setiyowati. (2021). Inheritance Rights for Children Born in Unregistered Marriages In Indonesia. International Journal of Business, Economics and Law, 24(1), 136–139. https://ijbel.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IJBEL24_240.pdf

Sri, W., Indri, M., & Rizky, A. (2025). Legal Protection for Children in Unregistered Marriages (Nikah Siri) in Indonesia. International Journal of Research and Review, 12(4), 215–223. https://www.ijrrjournal.com/IJRR_Vol.12_Issue.4_April2025/IJRR26.pdf DOI: https://doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20250426

Syarif, M., Ramadhani, R., Graha, M. A. W., Yanuaria, T., Muhtar, M. H., Asmah, N., ... & Jannah, M. (2024). Metode Penelitian Hukum. Get Press Indonesia.

Triadhari, I., Afridah, M., & Salsabila, H. H. (2023). Dampak Psikologis Pernikahan Dini di KUA Kecamatan Kejaksaan Kota Cirebon. Spiritualita, 7(2), 89–100. https://jurnalfuda.iainkediri.ac.id/index.php/spiritualita/article/view/1328 DOI: https://doi.org/10.30762/spiritualita.v7i2.1328

Vizki, H. Al. (2024). Dalam Islam, Pernikahan Tanpa Wali Tidak Sah. Republika TV. https://tv.republika.co.id/berita/sg4jp4418/dalam-islam-pernikahan-tanpa-wali-tidak-sah

Zulkifli, Y. (2024). Isbat Nikah dan Konsekuensinya terhadap Perlindungan Perempuan dan Anak (Studi Kasus di Mahkamah Syar’iyah Banda Aceh). [Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry]. https://repository.ar-raniry.ac.id/id/eprint/39417/1/DISERTASI FULL A.N YUSRI ZULKIFLI (1).pdf

Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan

Undang-Undang Nomor 39 Tahun 1999 tentang Hak Asasi Manusia

Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2006 tentang Administrasi Kependudukan

Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2014 tentang Perlindungan Anak

Kompilasi Hukum Islam

Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 3 Tahun 2017 tentang Pedoman Mengadili Perkara Perempuan Berhadapan dengan Hukum

Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi No. 46/PUU-VIII/2010

Surat Edaran Mahkamah Agung No. 7 Tahun 2012, Surat Edaran Mahkamah Agung No. 5 Tahun 2014,

Surat Edaran Mahkamah Agung No. 3 Tahun 2015, Surat Edaran Mahkamah Agung No. 3 Tahun 2018