Analysis of the relationship of economic inequality to criminality in the city of South Tangerang

The relationship between economic growth and income inequality can be positive and negative. In low-income developing countries, there is a negative relationship between income inequality and economic growth, in contrast to high-income developing countries, which have a positive relationship between inequality and economic growth. The findings from the research we did the economic inequality variable and the crime rate variable in the South Tangerang City area have a significant relationship. Based on the results of the field research studies that we have done, we can provide suggestions that can be used by related parties, with the aim of improving the quality of the economy and reducing the crime rate in the South Tangerang area. As explained in the research above that there is a significant influence between economic inequality and the crime rate so that we think the government can provide jobs that can improve the quality of the economy in the South Tangerang City area so that the economic

In addition, "Economic growth is one of the indicators to measure the economic performance of a country. Countries will find it difficult to improve people's living standards without positive growth. On the other hand, economic growth does not always guarantee the creation of justice and social welfare in society. Development that only pursues economic growth has the potential to give birth to injustice that leads to inequality in social life. Thus, economic growth by itself cannot be considered as the ultimate goal of development" (Tatan, 2018).
The relationship between economic growth and income inequality can be positive and negative. In low-income developing countries, there is a negative relationship between income inequality and economic growth, in contrast to high-income developing countries, which have a positive relationship between inequality and economic growth. The findings from the research we did the economic inequality variable and the crime rate variable in the South Tangerang City area have a significant relationship. Based on the results of the field research studies that we have done, we can provide suggestions that can be used by related parties, with the aim of improving the quality of the economy and reducing the crime rate in the South Tangerang area. As explained in the research above that there is a significant influence between economic inequality and the crime rate so that we think the government can provide jobs that can improve the quality of the economy in the South Tangerang City area so that the economic level in the South Tangerang area can be better and the level of crime can be reduced.
In addition to economic growth, income inequality is also an important issue for the development of every country. Theoretically and supported by many empirical studies, it is proven that high economic growth has an impact on income inequality. Income inequality relates to the distribution of income earned by people in a country. The higher inequality in income means the distribution of income in society is increasingly unequal. Over time, this situation will enlarge the gap between people with middle and upper economic levels or the rich group and those with lower middle income or the poor group. (Khairul, 2016) Crime is an act that violates norms and rules that can be detrimental and can threaten the safety and lives of others both materially and immaterially, and many factors can influence the crime.  Research Huang et al. (2015) concluded that the relationship between economic growth and income inequality can be positive and negative. In low-income developing countries, there is a negative relationship between income inequality and economic growth, in contrast to high-income developing countries, which have a positive relationship between inequality and economic growth (Khairul, 2016). . The director of the international NGO forum on Indonesia Development stated that Indonesia's level of inequality is sixth in the world. The report, based on a collaboration with Oxfam, publishes Indonesia's inequality in its report.

Figure 1. Class Problem
This parameter gap cannot be taken lightly. Special attention is needed if one day you don't want your development to be hampered because of access to inequality and economic inequality. Inequality that is so real has an impact on human resources, namely the disruption of social and health indicators such as life expectancy, maternal and child mortality, morbidity or the incidence of depression and mental disorders. (aktual.com).

Figure 3. Economic Inequality
According to several studies stated that "that lower class people have a higher crime rate than other groups. Low-income, unemployed, low-educated people are much more likely to commit crimes. The high unemployment rate also provides an incentive to commit all kinds of criminal acts." The Tangerang government has made efforts to reduce the unemployment rate. Reporting from TangerangTribun.com, the Tangerang government held a job training coaching program, this activity was opened directly by the Head of the Tangerang City Manpower Office in 2019. This increase in unemployment is due to the increase in vocational students graduating from school while the available employment opportunities are not proportional to the number of unemployed people. therefore in this job training activity there are 14 job training institutions that will later accommodate the unemployed. However, in 2021, the Tangerang city government will hold a virtual job fair due to the Covid-19 spreading in Indonesia. reported from tangerangekspres.com this virtual jobfair aims to provide access to job seekers in Tangerang City, this virtual jobfair was attended by 20 companies with 85 job formations and 1,097 job vacancies. This step was taken by the Tangerang city government with the aim of reducing the number of unemployed.

Economic Inequality
Ketimpangan Inequality is the fruit of development that only focuses on the economic aspect and forgets about the social aspect (Andrinof A. Chaniago), while the notion of economics itself is a science that can solve all human problems in life through processing all available resources (Abraham Maslow). The definition of economic inequality itself is the difference in economic development between one region and another vertically and horizontally which causes disparities or uneven distribution of development. One of the objectives of regional economic development is to reduce inequality (disparity).
The high rate of economic inequality has resulted in people with low or middle income being unable to access their daily needs and basic needs such as food, health and education. This can have a negative impact on society and slow down the human development process, as measured by the Human Development Index (HDI, 2018).
Population is a collection of subjects, variables, concepts or phenomena. Each member of the population can be studied in order to determine the nature of the population in question or to be studied (Morissan, 2012: 19). The population in this study were 100 fabric producers in Indonesia. The sample is part or representative of the population to be studied (Arikunto, 2019: 109). The sample of this research is 60 producers from 100 fabric producers in Indonesia.

Criminality
According to the KBBI, the meaning of crime is an act or crime that is criminal in nature and violates criminal law. In addition, there is also an understanding of crime according to experts. According to Soerjono Soekanto, crime is a crime that arises as a result of rapid changes in economic conditions. These economic changes make a person to do anything so that the economy can improve. Dr. Sahetapy and Mardjono Reksodipuro define crime as an act that is prohibited by public law to protect the public and is given a criminal sanction by law enforcement officials. This is because the act violates the norms that apply in society. According to Kartini Kartono, crime is a crime that is committed consciously or unconsciously, either male or female, which can harm others. Thus, I conclude that crime is all actions/deeds committed by a person/group, both men and women, where these actions endanger other people and violate existing laws and norms.

Factors of Economic Inequality
Economic inequality arises along with economic development in Indonesia. Inequality occurs due to uneven growth and economic development in various provinces (Kurniawan and Sugiyanto, 2013). Quoting the Minister of National Development Planning, Bambang Brodjonegoro, he said that there are four factors that cause economic inequality in Indonesia and these four factors include:

METHODOLOGY
The first factor is the difficulty of community access to basic services, such as education, health, clean water, and sanitation. The second factor is inequality in the quality of work. People who are less skilled, according to him, will be trapped in jobs with low productivity and wages. "Because of that, it is difficult for them to move up (social) class. The third factor is income and asset inequality. Income inequality causes wealth to be concentrated in a small group of people. He said this phenomenon occurs in many countries. The fourth factor is the absence of a safety net during shocks, or the absence of social security. Bambang said people could suddenly fall into poverty due to illness, job uncertainty, or rising prices and natural disasters.

Factors Affecting the Occurrence of Crime
Quoting from Handayani, a high population in an area can be associated with a high crime rate in that area. This is also followed by a high number of People with Social Welfare Problems (PMKS). Not infrequently PMKS become perpetrators of crime if not handled properly. Reported from Bps.go.id, "Efforts to fulfill and create a sense of security in the community are strategic steps that also influence the success of national development. The creation and fulfillment of security in the community will build a conducive atmosphere for the community to carry out various activities including economic activities. This condition on a macro scale will create national stability which is one of the prerequisites for achieving development in the context of realizing a just and prosperous society." There are several types of grouping of crimes based on various criteria (bps.go.id), namely: 1. The target of the crime (people, property, public order, the State, and so on). 2. The level of seriousness of the crime (crimes against life, crimes against the physical, crimes against property rights, and so on). 3. How the crime was committed (crimes against rights/property with the use of violence, crimes against property rights/materials without violence, and so on).
Police registration data notes that the crime rate during the 2017-2019 period has decreased. The level of risk of being exposed to a crime per 100,000 population in 2017 was around 129, to 113 in 2018, and decreased to 103 in 2019.

Population and Sample
The object of research is something that becomes an important point or target in a study, the object of this research is a source in research to get answers and solutions to problems later. Scientific objectives are to obtain data with certain purposes and uses about something objective, valid and reliable about a particular thing or variable (Sugiyono 2010:41).
Population is the total number of research subjects. The subject of the study has certain characteristics and qualities that have been determined by the researchers which will later be studied and then drawn conclusions (Sugiyono, 1997). Sugiyono's opinion is one of the references in determining the population in this study. The population that will be tested in this study is 30 people in South Tangerang City. The sample is a part of the whole as well as the characteristics possessed by a population. By studying the sample, the researcher must be able to draw conclusions that can be generalized to the population of interest (Sekaran & Bougie, 2016). Sampling in this study used purposive sampling by being used as a sample, namely all data on crime, poverty, and unemployment in South Tangerang City 2018-2020.

Research Instruments
Research instrument is a tool used to collect or obtain data in conducting a research. The research instrument used is a closed method, where the possible answer choices have been determined in advance and respondents do not have the opportunity to provide alternative answers. After that the indicators or questions for the variables are translated by the author into statements so that qualitative data is obtained and the data will be converted into quantitative form with a statistical analysis approach. The answer choices presented in the questionnaire use the Likert scale technique, namely 1 to 7. Various kinds of measurement scales can be in the form of: nominal scale, ordinal scale, interval scale, and ratio scale, from the measurement scale nominal, ordinal, interval data will be obtained , and ratios" (Sugiyono 2013:132).
The use of an instrument in the form of a questionnaire to obtain accurate data requires a data collection tool that can be accounted for by testing its validity and reliability. Validity test shows how appropriate an instrument that has been developed in measuring certain concepts and measures the validity of a question item from the questionnaire distributed to respondents who are the object of research, while the reliability test is to show the extent to which the instrument is free from errors (without bias) and ensures measurement which is consistent across time (stability), in other words, reliability measures whether the instrument consistently produces the same results every time a measurement is made.
In accordance with the title of the study, namely Analysis of the Relationship between Economic Inequality and Crime Levels in the city of South Tangerang, the research model used to test the two independent and dependent variables having a strong or weak relationship and positive or negative is Correlation Analysis. Correlation analysis is a set of techniques to measure the relationship between two variables (Lind, Marchal, & Wathen, 2018). Correlation is the relationship between the variables of interest, Correlation is used to test the relationship or relationship between each variable in the sample originating population so as to produce sufficient evidence on the sample data. If the test finds a relationship or link, it will be tested how strong the relationship between the variables is. In this correlation study, measuring the relationship between the independent variable (X) and the dependent variable (Y) which is, Economic Inequality as the independent or independent variable (X) and the level of crime as the dependent variable (Y).

Research Model
The requirement in conducting the correlation test is that the original population of the sample must have only 2 variants (bivariate) and must be normally distributed. In this simple correlation study, the relationship between variables is shown and measured by the value of the correlation coefficient and the correlation used to measure the correlation of interval and ratio data is the Pearson Correlation contained in the "Correlations" table. The correlation coefficient (R) is a measure of the closeness or strength of the relationship between two variables (Lind, Marchal, & Wathen, 2018). The magnitude of the correlation coefficient ranges from +1 to -1 and is used to indicate the level of strength of the linear relationship and the direction of the relationship between two random variables. The correlation coefficient has the following decision-making requirements: • If the correlation coefficient is negative, then the two variables have the opposite relationship. This means that if the value of the variable X is high, the value of the variable Y will be low. This provision also applies vice versa.
• If the correlation coefficient is positive, then the two variables have a unidirectional relationship. This means that if the value of the variable X is high, then the value of the variable Y will be high too.
The correlation coefficient has several criteria that are used to facilitate interpretation of the strength of the relationship between two variables, as follows: • 0 : There is no correlation between the two variables • > 0 -0.5 : Very weak correlation • > 0.25 -0.5 : Correlation is sufficient • > 0.5 -0.75 : Strong correlation • > 0.75 -0.99 : Very strong correlation • 1: Perfect correlation In doing the correlation coefficient test, the calculation is to find the deviation from the average value of the two variables and then multiply it but before that it is necessary to find out the standard deviation of the two variables. The final result of the calculation of the correlation coefficient or r, can determine whether the relationship between the two variables is strong or weak and positive or negative

RESULT AND DISCUSSION
The results of the research method are based on the results of the SPSS IBM 25 output with a significance level of 5% or 0.05. The method used is the validity, reliability, normality and bivariate correlation test using 2 variables, namely Economic Inequality and Crime Rate. The validity and reliability test aims to obtain valid and reliable data so that the next stage can be carried out, namely the normality test which aims to obtain data that is normally distributed research data. The correlation test is used to analyze the statistical data used to find the relationship between two variables that are quantitative in nature.
The correlation test is carried out to find the relationship between the crime rate and economic inequality that is quantitative in nature, the relationship between the two variables can occur due to the causal influence of the two variables being compared to each other into independent variables and dependent variables in order to determine that the data is weak or strong. Based on the results of the SPSS output, the sig value of the Economic Inequality and Crime Rate Variable is 0.000 which is smaller than the alpha value of 0.05. In addition, there is also a Pearson correlation of 0.618 which is greater than 0.5 and has a positive value. Therefore, it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between Economic Inequality and Crime Levels in the city of South Tangerang with a strong and unidirectional nature.

CONCLUSION
At the end of this paper, we present some conclusions that can be drawn based on the data collection that we have taken and processed. Based on the results of research data analysis, data processing and hypothesis testing, it can be concluded that economic inequality has a significant relationship with crime rates. This means that the level of economic inequality is related to the level of crime that occurs. The tests carried out in this study were validity, reliability, normality and correlation tests. The final conclusion from the research we did with the title "Economic Inequality Relationship Analysis on the Crime Rate in South Tangerang City" is that the economic inequality variable and the crime rate variable in the South Tangerang City area have a significant relationship.
In addition, we also provide some suggestions for further researchers who are interested in researching related matters. Future researchers are expected to examine more factors that influence the crime rate in South Tangerang City with more complete data and a longer period of time so that they can get more accurate results. In addition, further researchers are expected to prepare themselves in the research carried out so that the results obtained can be better and more accurate and produce some better suggestions so that they can be used to reduce criminal cases in South Tangerang City.
Based on the results of the field research studies that we have done, we can provide suggestions that can be used by related parties, with the aim of improving the quality of the economy and reducing the crime rate in the South Tangerang area. As explained in the research above that there is a significant influence between economic inequality and the crime rate so that we think the government can provide jobs that can improve the quality of the economy in the South Tangerang City area so that the economic level in the South Tangerang area can be better and the level of crime can be reduced. For example, the government can provide a pre-employment card as has been done by the Jakarta city government, the function of the pre-employment card is to develop work competencies and entrepreneurship for the unemployed.