Sustainable development in Sumatra Island: Spatial distribution and its implications

Leni Kurnia Optari; Al Bina

doi:10.55942/pssj.v5i5.618

Authors

Leni Kurnia Optari Universitas Asahan
Al Bina Universitas Asahan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55942/pssj.v5i5.618

Keywords:

Sustainable Development, Economic Aspect, Social Aspect, Environmental Aspect, Composite Index, GIS

Abstract

This study aims to examine the implementation of sustainable development on Sumatra Island and its spatial distribution, assessed from economic, social, and environmental dimensions. Data analysis was conducted using a composite index method, which comprises various unitless indicators or sub-indicators. Furthermore, Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques were applied to identify the spatial distribution of sustainable development. For the economic dimension, indicators include Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) per capita and the open unemployment rate. The social dimension was analyzed using the Human Development Index (HDI), school participation rates, life expectancy at birth, and poverty rates. Meanwhile, the environmental dimension utilized indicators such as the environmental quality index, air quality index, water quality index, and land cover quality index. Based on the composite index analysis of sustainable development in Sumatra from 2016 to 2020, the results indicate that regional development, in the short term, can be classified as moderately sustainable. Spatially, the sustainable development index values ranged from 50.01 to 75.00, which falls into the moderately sustainable category.

Author Biographies

Leni Kurnia Optari, Universitas Asahan

Leni Kurnia Optari is a researcher and academic at the Management Department, Universitas Asahan. Her areas of expertise include quantitative economics, labor market studies, and social welfare analysis. She frequently collaborates on projects involving statistical modeling and regional development.

Al Bina, Universitas Asahan

Al Bina is a lecturer at the Management Department, Universitas Asahan, Sumatera Utara. His research interests include regional economic development, income distribution, and public policy. He has actively engaged in academic and applied research projects focused on sustainable and inclusive growth in Indonesia.

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