The 1961 vienna convention implementations on eradicating structural discrimination of diplomatic corps towards the protection of female diplomats rights

Aulia Yuti Serera; Anisa  Azzaulfa; Radifan Anhari; Ervin Riandy

doi:10.55942/pssj.v6i1.1281

Authors

Aulia Yuti Serera Universitas Tanjungpura
Anisa Azzaulfa Universitas Tanjungpura
Radifan Anhari Universitas Tanjungpura
Ervin Riandy Universitas Tanjungpura

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55942/pssj.v6i1.1281

Keywords:

female diplomats, gender equality, glass ceiling, structural discrimination, gender-based violence and harassment, diplomatic protection

Abstract

The role of female diplomats on the international stage has increased significantly over the last two decades. However, the role of female diplomats remains limited in some areas, such as human rights, international peace, and climate change. They also play a limited role as negotiators, facilitators, and policy designers. This condition leads to the structural discrimination faced by female diplomats. The 1961 Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations (VCDR) was formulated to grant all diplomats, including female diplomats, the protection of diplomatic functions and the official status of diplomats. This research adopts a normative-empirical approach to analyze how the implementation of the 1961 VCDR eradicates the structural discrimination of the diplomatic corps towards the protection of the rights of female diplomats. The research findings show that women’s involvement in diplomacy still faces a significant gap in terms of numbers and levels assigned. Female diplomats also face the risk of gender violation and harassment. The 1961 VCDR was formulated as a gender-neutral foundation for diplomatic protection, which means it lacks specific provisions on gender-based discrimination or violence. Consequently, addressing issues such as unequal postings and promotions heavily relies on national policies, labor laws, and international human rights instruments such as CEDAW, rather than the 1961 VCDR directly. The empowerment of female diplomats requires a multi-faceted approach involving both normative efforts and structural reforms.

Author Biographies

Aulia Yuti Serera, Universitas Tanjungpura

Aulia Yuti Serera is affiliated to the Faculty of Law, Universitas Tanjungpura.

Anisa Azzaulfa, Universitas Tanjungpura

Anisa Azzaulfa is affiliated to the Faculty of Law, Universitas Tanjungpura. Her expertise is in International Law and International Agreement. Her expertise in International Law and International Agreement is contributing in enhancing the research analysis, especially in the area of the implementation of international agreement towards present conditions.

Radifan Anhari, Universitas Tanjungpura

Radifan Anhari is affiliated to the Faculty of Law, Universitas Tanjungpura. His expertise is in International Law.

Ervin Riandy, Universitas Tanjungpura

Ervin Riandy is affiliated to the Faculty of Law, Universitas Tanjungpura. His expertise in International Law is contributing in enhancing the research analysis and related data collecting.

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