Reconstructing Maqasid al-Shariah in determining the hadd for theft: A contextual analysis of QS al-Ma’idah 38 based on asbabun nuzul

Muzaqky Muthahhari; Zul Azmi; Hidayatullah  Ismail

doi:10.55942/pssj.v5i12.1236

Authors

Muzaqky Muthahhari Sultan Syarif Kasim State Islamic University Riau
Zul Azmi Sultan Syarif Kasim State Islamic University Riau
Hidayatullah Ismail Sultan Syarif Kasim State Islamic University Riau

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55942/pssj.v5i12.1236

Keywords:

Asbabun Nuzul, Contextual Exegesis, Hadd of Theft

Abstract

The determination of the Hadd for theft in QS al-Ma’idah:38 has long been a point of contention between legal textualism and social reality. This verse is often understood literally, without considering the socio-historical context of the revelation. This article aims to reconstruct the normative meaning of the verse through an analysis of Asbabun Nuzul and the Maqasid al-Shariah approach to reaffirm substantive justice in Islamic law. This study employs a qualitative–descriptive method based on library research, using comparative analysis of classical exegesis (al-Ṭabarī, Ibn Kathīr, al-Qurṭubī) and reformist-modern exegesis (Ibn ‘Āshūr, Rashīd Riḍā, Jasser Auda). The findings show that the Hadd is not intended merely as a punitive instrument but as a moral symbol to safeguard social stability once distributive justice is established. This normative reinterpretation affirms that implementing the Hadd without fulfilling social justice contradicts the Maqasid of Islamic law. In conclusion, authentic Islamic law is not a system of punishment but a divine moral system aimed at honoring human beings and manifesting God’s mercy in social life.

Author Biographies

Muzaqky Muthahhari, Sultan Syarif Kasim State Islamic University Riau

Muzaqky Muthahhari is affiliated with Sultan Syarif Kasim State Islamic University Riau, Pekanbaru, Riau, Indonesia.

Zul Azmi, Sultan Syarif Kasim State Islamic University Riau

Zul Azmi is affiliated with Sultan Syarif Kasim State Islamic University Riau, Pekanbaru, Riau, Indonesia.

Hidayatullah Ismail, Sultan Syarif Kasim State Islamic University Riau

Hidayatullah Ismail is affiliated with Sultan Syarif Kasim State Islamic University Riau, Pekanbaru, Riau, Indonesia

References

Abū Dāwūd, S. (2009). Sunan Abī Dāwūd. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah.

Abū Ḥāmid al-Ghazālī, al-Mustaṣfā min ‘Ilm al-Uṣūl, (Kairo: al-Maktabah al-Tijāriyyah al-Kubrā, 1904)

al-Qurṭubī, M. A. (2006). Al-Jāmi‘li Aḥkām al-Qur’ān (Vol. 6). Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah.

al-Shāṭibī, I. (1997). Al-Muwāfaqāt fī Uṣūl al-Syariah (Vol. 2). Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah.

al-Suyūṭī, J. (1996). Al-Itqān fī ‘Ulūm al-Qur’ān. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr.

al-Ṭabarī, M. J. (2001). Jāmi‘al-Bayān ‘an Ta’wīl Āy al-Qur’ān (Vol. 10). Beirut: Dār al-Fikr.

Al-Ṭabarī, Tārīkh al-Umam wa al-Mulūk, (Kairo: Dār al-Ma‘ārif, 1960).

al-Wāḥidī, A. (1991). Asbābun Nuzūl al-Qur’ān. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah.

Auda, J. (2008). Maqasid al-Shariah as Philosophy of Islamic Law: A Systems Approach. London: IIIT.

Hallaq, W. B. (2009). An Introduction to Islamic Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Husin Hamid Hasan, Nazariat al Maslahah fi al Fiqh al Islami, (Kairo: Dar al Nahdah al ‘Arabiah, 1971), hal. 5-6.

Ibn ‘Āshūr, M. (1984). Al-Taḥrīr wa al-Tanwīr (Vol. 6). Tunis: Dār Sahnūn.

Ibn ‘Āshūr, M. T. (1946). Maqasid al-syariah al-Islāmiyyah. Tunis: Dār al-Saḥnūn.

Ibn al-Qayyim al-Jawziyyah, I‘lām al-Muwaqqi‘īn ‘an Rabb al-‘Ālamīn, (Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 1991).

Ibn Kathīr, I. (1999). Tafsīr al-Qur’ān al-‘Aẓīm (Vol. 3). Riyadh: Dār Ṭayyibah.

Muḥammad al-Ṭāhir ibn ‘Āshūr, Maqasid al-syariah al-Islāmiyyah, (Tunis: Dār al-Saḥnūn, 1946).

Muslim ibn al-Ḥajjāj. (2006). Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr.

Rahman, F. (1982). Islam and Modernity: Transformation of an Intellectual Tradition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Rahmi, N (2017). Maqasid Al Syari'ah: Melacak Gagasan Awal. Syariah: Jurnal Hukum Dan Pemikiran, jurnal.uin-antasari.ac.id, https://jurnal.uin-antasari.ac.id/index.php/syariah/article/view/1970

Riḍā, R. (1947). Tafsīr al-Manār (Vol. 6). Cairo: al-Hay’ah al-Miṣriyyah al-‘Āmmah li al-Kitāb.

Saeed, A. (2006). Interpreting the Qur’an: Towards a Contemporary Approach. London: Routledge.

Wahbah Zuhaili, Nazariat al Darurah al Syar’iyyah, Muqaranah Ma’a al Qanun al Wad’I, edisi Indonesia,Konsep Darurat dalam Hukum Islam,terj. Said Agil Hasan al Munawwar dan M. Hadri Hasan, (Jakarta: Gaya Media Pratama, 1997), hal. 47